The sculpture parks of the mid-20th century: underlying artistic concepts

The subject of the study is the specialized sculpture parks. At present, they are extremely popular objects of landscape and monumental-decorative arts synthesis with the functions of public spaces and artistic experiments exposition sites. For the modern cities image, the presence of such parks is considered as guarantee of tourist attractiveness, an attribute of dynamic growth and social tone. The article describes the initial period of their autonomy. Sculpture parks formal and informative diversity of the 1940s - 1960s is correlated with the diversity of their artistic concepts as aesthetically expressed ideological programs with their own logic, language, tendencies. The problematization of this correlation is substantiated by the decisive role of artistic concepts for the development of the art synthesis sphere in the second half of the 20th - early 21st century. A range of mono-author and collective concepts is developed through an analysis of regional, territorial, space-planning, formal-compositional, artistic, stylistic, semantic features in the most authoritative synthesis objects of the designated period. Comparison of plastic and space-planning structures nature in the Gustav Vigeland, Carl Milles, Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth, Anton Martin, Edward James, Bunley Sulilat works and the open-air expositions, representing the many authors works, is showed the interpretation of different worldview priorities with positioning a person with his history, mythology, religion, etc. This comparison, in addition, is possible to assess the relevance of artistic concepts, their real efficacy, which is due by the aesthetic and ethical resonance of the sculptures meanings, the meanings of the connections between the sculptures and with nature, and not the size and quantity parameters of the collections. An observation about the primary relevance of sculpture parks with permanently developing, fundamentally incomplete collections of visual and abstract plastics is made. Itself device of these parks based on multiple contrasting of independent authors works on the subject, style, material, size, color, texture is provided a constant increase of the current time meanings. The fact that such parks appeared almost simultaneously in different parts of the world, is given the right to position them as a format of universal and unlimited metaphorical ideas about the infinitely complex and controversial modern world.

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