Soviet urban planning policy and its influence on the development of Tomsk in the second third of the 20th century

Professional interest in the history of urban planning in Russia was formed in the middle of the XIX century, and issues of architectural design, planning and development of cities in the country as a whole and in certain territories attract the attention of researchers. I believe that at present there is a need to identify and characterize the main components of Tomsk town planning from the late 1930th to the early 1960th. The development of master plans for the construction of new cities and the transformation of old urban settlements was carried out in Tomsk in 1932, when the drafting of the master project of the city, entirely subordinate to the tasks of socialist industrialization, began. The development of the project took quite a long time, it was approved in 1939. The draft master plan of the city took into account such factors as hydrological conditions of the territory, placement of city-forming enterprises and architectural and planning design of the city. The master plan was based on the principle of functional zoning of the territory: territories were formed for industrial and residential construction, for parks of culture and recreation. During the war - 1941-1945 - more than 30 large industrial enterprises, many institutions of culture, science, education were evacuated to Tomsk. In this regard, employees of the Leningrad branch of the State Institute for Urban Design "Giprogor" under the leadership of architect N.V. Baranov developed a new master plan of Tomsk. By a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of 17 December 1947, the plan was approved and submitted for implementation. As in the previous project, it was planned to build high-rise buildings, five or six floors, on the main highways of the city and for the design of squares. And yet the master plan has been criticized. Architectural and planning errors were identified. The first was that the historically established rectangular grid of Tomsk streets was supposed to be artificially distorted by the insertion of Diagonal Avenue. The second drawback of the master plan was that it did not identify or secure city highways with freight and passenger flows that could link the southern and northern parts of the city. According to the general plan amendments in the 1950-60th, the construction did not distort the historical environment, the development of the selitebic territory was carried out towards expansion into development-free territories, and only compensatory construction was carried out in the historical center.

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