Features of the development of musical perception of children aged 1-3 years

The article discusses the features of the development of musical perception of children aged from one to three years. On the basis of the dominant factors of the physiological and psychophysical development of the child, the forms of musical activity that stimulate the development of attention, musical memory and musical hearing are proposed. The age period from one to three years is a time of intensive physiological and psychological development. Researchers divide this period into a series of stages with different temporal boundaries. Such a division is associated with the context of the subject area, which is what caused the diversity of the presented stages. At the age of one year, the active physiological development of the child involves the improvement of motor functions. In terms of features of the development of musical perception for this period is characterized by an intensive mastering of tempo changes in music. It is advisable to acquire this knowledge in the form of a game. At the age of one and a half years, the child becomes extremely active. As a rule, he can walk, jump, crouch, play ball, control his body. Musical plot games using objects such as dolls, soft toys, give the child the material for the development of the imagination, which is improved in the process of perception. The closest, most easily differentiated for children are those types of musical perception that are associated with syncretic forms of music making - with dance, playing and singing, in which children themselves participate. At first, children pay less attention to music played in the presence of children by adults, and later they play music through imitation, through the inclusion of various “concerts” with announcements and applause in the children's play. At this stage, it is possible to include in such music classes such forms of activity as a fairy-tale game or a play-scene, which is a demonstration or display of animals to music, playing musical and noise instruments, contributing to the development of fine motor skills. Also in the classroom, in addition to active activities, movements, games, there is a relaxing, for example, rhythmic massage, parents help in this, and the teacher shows and reads a rhythmicized poem. A special place in the process of forming a lesson plan is played by the selection of a musical repertoire. Along with modern musical compositions, familiar to children in the process of real and virtual audio contact, it is important to include classical samples of musical works for the formation of aural experience, education of aural aesthetics. The authors of the article, based on their own example of working with children of this age period, describe the fragments of musical activities in which the forms of interaction and musical work can activate the child's creativity.

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