About criteria of modern art: cultural approach

XX century introduced significant adjustments in the understanding of art. Art lost its special “aura” (V. Benjamin) with the development of visual practices, the growing role of science and the recipient in the design of artistic reality, which led to a change in the notion of the criteria of art up to the denial of its existence. The scientific novelty is determined by the change in the status of art in modern culture. The changes that took place in the art of the 19th century expanded the range of artistic value by recognizing new values and involving the figure of the recipient in the process of creating art. The acceleration of the development of culture in the 20th century led to a further change in the perception of art, which began to rely more on a rethinking of a tradition that had been enriched by the discovery of previously little-known cultures. In this regard, the criteria of art, representing the artwork as a cultural text aimed at understanding the experience of previous cultural eras, are changed. Purpose of the study describe the changes in the role of art in human life, which were reflected primarily in the rethinking of art criteria. In the twentieth century, there is a large number of contradictory phenomena called to be called culture and going beyond the framework of art, which requires their mastering. Visual mass culture, which does not have the signs of a new one, has trained the viewer to pay attention to the already realized reality, presented in a new shell from a different angle. Herewith the recipient ascribes traditional values and meanings to the mastered reality. Thus, the replicability and reproducibility of works of art change the person's idea of the subject of art. Methods: The analysis of art, through the lens of its criteria, took a cultural approach, which allowed to consider art in the context of the cultural text. To represent the specificities of contemporary art, descriptive and comparative methods were used to fit contemporary art into the cultural context and to identify its main criteria. The concepts of “art” and “culture” become largely synonymous in the consciousness of modern man. Peculiarities of the perception of a work of art are associated with the fusion of the concepts “work of art” and “cultural text”, when culture began to substitute for itself art, so people in the assessments of art are guided by the same concepts that apply to culture. Recognition of the conscious, as the main criterion of the art of mass consciousness, translates the work of art into the rank of a cultural text, for which other values and aesthetic criteria already act. We can draw a conclusion on the basis of the perception of the cultural text, that the toolkit for evaluating the cultural text passes to art, and therefore the main criteria are not the aesthetic, but the anthropological, associated with the creative activity of the recipient and his participation in the creation of a work of art.

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