Factors of formation of ice jams during floating of ice and their registration for the substantiation of the events for prevention of floodsat the area of Tom river Tomsk territory

Relevance: Nowadays the channel and the flood plain of the Tom River undergo an essential anthropogenic pressure. This pressure aggravates the threat of severe floods. Aim of the research: The purpose of this paper is to define the most efficient methods to protect the populace, built-up areas and settlements infrastructure endangered by the floods on the Tom River near Tomsk city. The research is based on the analysis of interaction between the main channel and the flood plains and their morphological features in the period of severe snowmelt floods on the Tom River near Tomsk city. In results: In the downstream the Tom River transits from the mountain regime to the plain one. The flow velocity slows down and drifts settle. The river divides into branches, the numerous islands, cut-offs, reaches and bars appear. There are two types of natural deformations of the landscape, namely the channel and the flood plain become multi-branch. The ice jam formed in the main channel causes the rise of the water level. The water overflows to the flood plain. While the water level in cut-offs and branches increases, the flow of the flood waters, which is alternative to the main channel, rises up. The channel and main floods multibranches let the flood water through round the ice jams. During many thousands of years the flood plain cutoffs formed on the jam-hazardous areas. This cut-offs have been draining the water from the flood plain round the ice jams. They act as emergency valves that discharge the excess of water. The struggle against floods caused be ice jams should consist in maintenance of the cut-offs, which discharge the flood water, in operational state. Besides, the important agricultural, industrial and residential areas should be diked.

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