Geochemistry, mineralogy and genesis of rare-metal coal deposit in the Seam XI, Southern part of the Kuznetsk Basin
The article presents results of the study of rare metal ores that were identified in the seam XI of the Kemerovo suite in the southern part of the Kuznetsk basin. The coals in the seam XI represent polymetallic ores of of Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf-Y-REE-Ga composition. Their formation is associated with the thick (6-15 ) non-coal layers, contrastively enriched with Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Y, REE, Ga, Th, U, Sn and other lithophylic elements, in the coal seam. Geochemical characteristics of these layers and the composition of relict minerals allows connecting these horizons with the input of acid volcanic pyroclastic material of alkaline composition during peat accumulation. The restored composition shows the correspondence of the volcanogenic pyroclastics to comendites-pantellerites. A possible source are pantellerite ashes of Mongolia and south-east of Siberia. They are contrastively enriched with Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Y, REE, Ga, Th and U. We have established that the process of coalification was accompanied by redistribution of these elements in the coal seam and the formation of rare metal mineralization. The redistribution occurred in the early stages of coalification with the participation of soda water. Distribution of main ore elements in the vertical section of the coal seam emphasizes their connection with the volcanogenic pyroclastic horizon and reflects the geochemical zonation due to the chemical elements migration with the participation of aqueous solutions. This is particularly evident for REE and well expressed on the chondrite- and upper continental crust normalized diagrams of the elements distribution. Several elements (Ta, Hf, and Ga) of the ore spectrum are characterized by weak migration capacity in these conditions and accumulate in or in the immediate vicinity of the volcanogenic layer. The ore substance is concentrated predominantly in finely dispersed mineral phase, represented mainly with Zr-Nb-Ti-Fe oxides, fine- grained zircon, REE carbonates (bastnesite) and phosphates (monazite, xenotime, goyazite). Some elements are found in the scattered form in organic matter. The epigenetic genesis of most minerals is clearly visible by their distribution in the coal matrix, confinedness to the pore volume, micro-veins and parts directly connected to the volcanic layer. The studies allow to develop a model of formation with similar mineralization in coals and to offer a set of search criteria for its discovery. The characteristic feature of such ores is the layer of volcanic pyroclastic rocks of alkaline composition, characterized by increased radioactivity. This feature allows finding such horizons with gamma-ray logging even at the preliminary stage of coal-bearing areas study. The connection of complex NB-Ta-Zr-Hf-Y-REE-Ga mineralization with volcanogenic pyroclastics of alkaline composition significantly expands the perspectives for the detection of such mineralization in the coals of East and Central Asia. The high volcanic activity of this period along with the manifestation of alkaline magmatism contributed to the formation of metal-bearing ash horizons. At the places of ashes burial in peatlands the complex rare-metal-coal deposits formed. Fragmented locations of such ores, established on a vast territory in China and Russia, give a reason to assume that a systematic study of sedimentary basins of this age can help to find a number of such deposits.
Keywords
уголь,
геохимия,
редкие металлы,
минералогия,
генезис руд,
Coal,
geochemistry,
rare metals,
mineralogy,
ore genesisAuthors
| Arbuzov Sergey I. | Tomsk Polytechnic University | siarbuzov@tpu.ru |
| Vergunov Alexey V. | Tomsk Polytechnic University | alexeivergunov@rambler.ru |
| Ilenok Sergey S. | Tomsk Polytechnic University | ilenokss@rambler.ru |
| Ivanov Vladimir A. | Public Joint Stock Company «Coal Company “Yuzhny Kuzbass”» | ivanovva@uk.mechel.com |
| Ivanov Vladimir P. | Tomsk Polytechnic University | IVP2005@mail.ru |
| Soktoev Bulat R. | Tomsk Polytechnic University | bulatsoktoev@tpu.ru |
Всего: 6
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