Comparative ecological and hydrochemical characteristics of hydraulic ash and slag dumps of heat power stations of the fuel and energy complex of the Eastern Transbaikalia

Based on the results of chemical-analytical work carried out in the framework of monitoring the geological environment at the sites for the disposal of ash dumps at the TPPs of East Transbaikalia, the hydrochemical characteristic of the settling ponds is given, which makes it possible to assess potentially dangerous objects of pollution of natural waters. To perform analyzes of water samples, generally accepted standardized methods for determining the components were used. The chemical composition of the objects of study varies in basic hydrochemical parameters, degree of mineralization and hardness. The waters of the facilities are alkaline with a pH greater than 7.5. Calcium and sulfate predominate in the cationic-anion composition of ash dumps of the Chitinskaya TPPs, Sherlovogorskaya TPP - chloride and sodium, Priargunskaya TPP - bicarbonate and calcium or sodium. The highest concentrations of sulfates, fluorides, silicon, hardness value and degree of mineralization are noted in the ash dump of the Chitinskaya TPP-1. Maximum values here are: sulfates - 724.5 mg/l, fluorides - 14.8 mg/l, silicon - 20.8 mg/l, hardness -23.2 mEq/l. The degree of mineralization of the settler waters is more than 1 g/l. The ash dump of the Chitinskaya TPP-2 is the least mineralized of the studied objects. The smallest amount of hardness is noted in the settling pond of the Sherlovogorskaya TPP. In the filtration waters of the ash dump of the Priargunskaya TPP, a significant increase in the chlorine content is noted as a result of the removal from the ash with which it is enriched; during filtration, manganese and iron are also intensively removed. Data on trace elements determined by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma are not available for this object. In clarified water of ash dumps, concentrations of boron, lithium, iron, manganese, arsenic exceed the maximum permissible standards. In addition, there is an excess of MPC in ash dumps: Chitinskaya TPPs - barium and antimony, Chitinskaya TPP-1 - bromine and tungsten, Sherlovogorskaya TPP - bromine and aluminum. Close to the maximum permissible concentration or in some periods exceed the contents of vanadium, molybdenum, selenium, antimony, strontium, aluminum, tungsten, chromium. Their highest concentrations, with the exception of aluminum, antimony, and uranium, are contained in the settler of the Chitinskaya TPP-1. Alkaline environmental conditions limit the accumulation of heavy metals - copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, etc.

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