Agrolandscape division of North Kazakhstan Region: econological premises

On the basis and in connection with the analysis of geoinformation and cartographic massifs, taking into account environmental and economic (ecological) premises, agrolandscape zoning of the territory of the North Kazakhstan region, the oldest region of bogharic agriculture of Kazakhstan, was carried out. The methodological side of the research was based on statistical and geographic information analysis, as well as landscape, landscape mapping and comparative geographical methods were used. The heterogeneous characteristic of region's relief (flat north and low hill south) predetermined the landscape heterogeneity of the territory, and fertile black soils and relatively favorable agroclimatic resources determined the total plowing of the territory. The share of arable land (about 50 % of the region's territory) reached an absolute maximum after virgin land development due to frontal plowing, including low-productive land -soils complex with alkali soils. In the post-virgin period, despite the excessive interest in soil protection and anti-erosion measures, the cholistic principle field farming organizing and ignoring the fertility of soil differences within a specific arable allocation, predetermined the further extensification of agriculture. This led to the exclusive dependence of the dominant crop yield, spring wheat, on meteorological conditions (primarily precipitation), the greatest direct correlation was found for steppe agrolandscapes (r = 0.78). The need for such zoning is dictated by the transition from a purely extensive zonal system of agriculture, with its inherent chemical and technological intensification, to landscape agriculture. In addition, the comparison of agroclimatic indicators of the region's territory with data for late Soviet period given by V.I. Kiryushin, showed significant changes, mainly favorable to agricultural activities: for example, biological productivity increased from 1983 by 16-27 %. With the help of predictor factors, determining the direction and nature of agricultural use of land, agrolandscape zoning of the territory of the region was carried out with allocation of 5 landscape areas and 11 agrolandscape types of land, based on updated agroclimatic indicators. The determining factors for the allocation of agrolandscape land types under condition of the relative homogeneity of agroclimatic indicators within the landscape area were lithology, relief and soil types, which ultimately determine the contour of the working field of arable allotments. The introduction of zoning results into agronomic practice will increase the economic stability of agriculture, creating the necessary premises for the transition to adaptive landscape agriculture.

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