European Lake Resources
The results of a quantitative assessment of the European lake resources carried out according to an original method are presented. To determine the number and areas of water bodies, the automated and visual-instrumental interpretation capabilities were applied with the use of the Water Mask array based on the adjustment of the long-term data (from 2000 to 2012), as well as on the images provided by the program Google Earth. Maps of the lake area percentage were constructed based on the obtained data set of the water surface areas. The highest lake coverage values are characteristic of the territory covered by the last Quaternary glaciation. For regions located outside the Quaternary glaciation, the average lake area ratio is significantly increased in relation to the natural lake area due to the inclusion of the water surface areas of artificial reservoirs in the calculation. It has increased most in areas originally characterized by a very low lake stock. Based on the Global Surface Water Transitions dataset, a visualisation of changes in the water surface areas of European regions from the 1980s to the present was made. The schematic maps of changes in water surface density over the past four decades confirm the conclusions drawn in the article about changes in the lake stock in Europe due to the construction of reservoirs, as well as reflecting changes in the area not caused to the construction of artificial reservoirs. To assess the lake water resources of whole of Europe, as well as its parts distinguished according to the physical-geographical principle, the reference data and regional relationships between various morphometric characteristics of lakes that take into account their genesis and orographic features of the territory were used. Moreover, the relationships between the volume of water in the lake and its area were taken into account. According to the assessment, the water surface area of all water bodies in Europe is 284,000 km2, of which about 3/4 are natural ones. The lakes contain a total of 3285 km3 of fresh water and 88 km3 of water of increased mineralization. The main volume of waters in Europe is concentrated in the lakes of the zone of the last Quaternary glaciation distribution (85 %) and in the lakes of the Alpine zone (10%); about 2,5 % of water is concentrated in the lakes of the Balkan Peninsula. Water reserves in artificial water bodies of Europe are about 500 km3, about half of this value is accounted for by the largest reservoirs of the European part of Russia. The authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests
Keywords
geoinformation technologies,
water resources,
water surface area,
lake regions of Europe,
lake resourcesAuthors
| Izmailova Anna V. | State Hydrological Institute | ianna64@mail.ru |
| Korneenkova Natalya Yu. | Institute of Limnology RAS - a separate structural subdivision of "St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" | ntkorn87@gmail.com |
Всего: 2
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