River basins of the Crimean Peninsula: Spatial differentiation in agroecological state and risks of soil degradation
The article is devoted to the study of the agroecological state of the river basins of the Crimean Peninsula's agricultural zone and their typification by the occurrence of soil degradation processes and the degree of the anthropogenic impact using the basin approach. The basins of fourth order (according to the Straler-Filosofov system) were used as the basic assessment units (with the exception of the territory of Mountainous Crimea and the Southern Coast basins). Using geoinformation systems and remote sensing data, an analysis of the spatial distribution of eight indicators was carried out: forest cover, pressure coefficient, erodedness coefficient, the share of saline soils, karst cavities areas density, LS-factor, elevation difference, and drainage density. For an objective identification of basin types, the kernel K-means clustering method was chosen implemented in the ArcGIS software. It has been found out that two key attributes of soil degradation, including erodedness and salinity levels, have a strong influence on distinction of groups from each other. Forest cover and geomorphological factors (LS-factor and elevation difference) have a noticeable influence. Pressure coefficient and karst cavities areas density does not have a significant impact on the identification of types. As a result, four spatially homogeneous basin groups were identified. Basins with soil salinization (34 % of the study area) are located east of the Bakal Peninsula along the northern border of Crimea, including the Syvash region and the entire Kerch Peninsula. It is characterized by the biggest share of saline soils (92,2 %) with a minimum erodedness coefficient (0,02) in the soil cover structure and low forest cover (0,6 %). Basins with maximum agricultural load (38 %) are located in the central part of the Crimean Plain. These territories are more involved in crop production than the other areas due to favorable geomorphological and soil and climatic conditions. It has been found that 77 % of the territory of this type is plowed up or allocated to gardening and viticulture. Basins with water erosion risk (21 %) are located predominantly along the foot of the northwestern macroslope of the Crimean Mountains and in northwestern Crimea. It is most eroded one compared with the (0,25), and geomorphological conditions create increased risks of water erosion processes, as evidenced by high values of the LS-factor (0,9) and elevation difference (75,3 m). For basins with an increased risk of exogenous geomorphological processes (7 %) characterized by the greatest distribution of karst. Specific land use problems have been identified for each type of basin, and ways to address them have been proposed. In terms of the land management, the identified territorial groups of basins can serve as primary differentiation units for priority soil protection measures. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Keywords
river basin,
Crimea,
typification,
soil degradation,
land use,
GISAuthors
| Buryak Zhanna A. | Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University | buryakzh@gmail.com |
| Narozhnyaya Anastasia G. | Belgorod State National Research University | narozhnyaya_a@bsu.edu.ru |
| Poletaev Arseniy O. | Belgorod State National Research University | poletaev@bsu.edu.ru |
Всего: 3
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