Analysis of geographical flexibility and temporal variability of statistical characteristics of atmospheric reflectivity and turbulence for cumulonimbus clouds in the European zone of Russia

The climate changes observed in recent years may lead to an increase in the number of hydrometeorological phenomena resulting from the development of convective clouds. For timely detection and further monitoring of dangerous weather events of convective origin, such as heavy rain, thunderstorms and hail, radar methods are used to obtain information on the structure and movement of clouds in real time. The purpose of this paper is to study probabilistic descriptions of the geographical variation of the statistical characteristics of radar reflectivity and specific dissipation rate of turbulent energy for different climatic zones of the European territory of Russia. Three positions were selected from all operational weather radar WR in the European territory of Russia, located in the following regions: Tver, Voronezh and Kaliningrad. The zones were selected based on the local characteristics of a particular climatic zone, annual precipitation and average number of days with thunderstorms per year. For the analysis of statistical characteristics were used data from meteorological radar stations in the considered zones during the summer period of 2023. The methodology of research on regional changes in parameters obtained in the territory of Kaliningrad region and Voronezh is described. Statistical characteristics were analyzed and empirical distribution laws were established. On the basis of which the trends of changes in the threshold values for each of the selected regions were considered. The study showed that the characteristics of atmospheric reflectivity and turbulence have a pronounced geographical variation of the parameters Zmax and EDRmax. Differences were observed both within the same region and between different regions. In addition, the temporal variability of the statistical characteristics of the statistical characteristics of the parameters of the trait distribution for the Upper-Volga region of Russia was analyzed. The linear trend method was used to assess the variability of characteristics over time. The data for the period from 2021 to 2023 were considered. These insignificant changes in statistical characteristics over time may be caused by changes in climatic conditions in the region under consideration. The obtained results will make it possible to refine the existing parameters of algorithms for the classification of hazardous weather events, in terms of adapting the value of decision thresholds in the classification of hazardous weather events. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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