The evolution of attitudes and transformation approaches in drafting strictly-documented scientific biographies

The article analyzes the place and the role of biographical research in the historical science. Biographical information is necessary for the realization of social history, which subject is fundamentally different from the history of social institutions, history of social groups and from the history of mentalities. In the focus of social history there are human consciousness and behavior, the way they interact in a changing cultural environment that supports and justifies this system. The key role in social history is performed by the synthetic categories of experience: individual, collective, historical, which actualize connection between the subject of history and the objective conditions (material and cultural) of its activities. In the focus of modern research can be the biography of «secondary» personality, not only «heroic», because it is an experience of the social communications and the genre, which allows studying the historical process. The biography is a direct appeal to the life experience of people «involved in all areas of human activity». It is a social marker of personal identity, characteristic of its activity in society, based on the motive and free conscious or unconscious person's choice. If the history is a social eventness than the person is its main actor and his biography is one of the sources of this historic eventness. The article investigates the criteria which separate artistic biography from the scientific one. We consider the «scientific» biography as a historical research, which has the relevance, the level of scrutiny, the bibliography, the principles and methods of work with such researches accepted by the scientific community. Moreover the subjective liberties in researcher's reasoning are not allowed in scientific biography. It is necessary to reconstruct the biography within a framework of the scientific view of the world. Speculation and fiction as an artistic means of filling in the gaps should be excluded. The cultural state of modern society and science actualize the appeal to biographical experience of the predecessors. Any object has its biography which displays qualitative and quantitative changes of the object in time. Each discipline has its own scientific history and history of subject being studied. In condition of today's globalized world, open information society, postmodernism, post-non-classical science and polyculture the great attention is focused on close study of biographical (prescription) experience of person's activity in the world. It is necessary today for mastering the universal life experience in order to clarify macro historical model, for studying the experience having been mastered by mankind and for developing new strategies, new ways of self-realization of modern person in multicultural space of capabilities.

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