The Sufi orders activities on the territory of Tyumen and Siberian khanates

The author considers a question of the Sufi orders activity on the territory of Tyumen and Siberian khanates in the XV-XVI centuries. Written sources made it possible to speak about the almost constant presence of sayyids, representing various Sufi brotherhoods, in the entourage of Tyumen and Siberian khans. Circumstantial data demonstrate the tendency formed in the period of inclusion of the south of Western Siberia in the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) as the inheritance of the Shiban descendants. The active Islamization which began here under the khan Uzbek upon the direct influence of the Central Asian tariqat of Yasaviya should affect the aristocracy throughout the Ulus. During the reign of the first Tyumen Khan Abu-l-Khayr after the military expedition to Khorezm in his entourage were Kara-Sayyid and Kul-Mohammed-Sayyid, carried out both religious and advisory and even military functions, including direct participating in several Khan's campaigns. They also belonged to the tariqat of Yasaviyya, whose members often held the post of Naqib, especially in Urgench, which emphasized their military functional. However, in the Khan's entourage were also representatives of the brotherhood of Kubrawiya. Islamization conducted by the brotherhoods, to the last quarter of the fifteenth century led to the consolidation of Islam among the local aristocracy, as can be seen, for example, in the names of the dynasty of Taibugides. Tyumen Khan Ibrahim (1467-1495) also emphasized his affiliation to Islam in the correspondence with the Princes of Moscow. In recent years of his reign for the first time for South-West Siberia only Kazan sayyids of the tariqat of Yasaviyya were detected. However, their stay in Tyumen was temporary and compulsory because of the influence of active Russian policy in Kazan. Despite their presence in Khan's entourage, even among the clan aristocracy remained a significant number of adats in everyday and political life. Nowadays the degree of influence of Islam on the ordinary population of the Tyumen khanate is impossible to find out exactly. The highest activity among all strata of the Siberian khanate population the tariqat of Yasaviyya implemented during the reign of two brothers: Kuchum and Ahmet Giray in the 1570-ies. Herewith the mission of representatives of the order of Yasaviyya from Urgench to Siberia was formed on the Bukhara Khan Abdullah II's request and direct instruction of Bukhara tariqat Naqshbandiyya leaders, which allows speaking about a coordinated brotherhoods policy on the Islamization of the Northern territories.

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