Clerical pedagogical museums as educational form of culture in the late XIX - the early XX century

The need of society in conservation and protection of objects of Orthodox heritage in the second half of the XIX century stimulated the actualization of heritage conservation activity, which in turn required the improvement of the quality of religious education. It caused reforms in the educational system of the Russian religious schools. As a result of the reforms in the list of disciplines was introduced the course "Church archeology", that required visual teaching. The principle of visibility became obligatory, whereby new demands had being given to schools. The quality of the professional education directly depended on the training and methodological support including authentic and methodical materials provided the students of religious schools with skills of attribution. Absence or lack of training tools needed to implement the method of visibility in educational institutions actualized organization of new educational form of culture - church scientific and pedagogical museum. The church scientific and pedagogical museums included church and archaeological rooms and antic depositories; they were opened at schools, church and archaeological societies, diocesan congregations and monasteries with educational purposes. Pedagogical museum as an educational form of culture was also updated in primary church education. It was due to the processes of strengthening the position of the church and the preservation of the Orthodoxy. By the end of the XIX century pedagogical church museums of visual aids began to appear. Their collections, opposed to the scientific and pedagogical museums were presented by teaching materials and literature, and their structure was subordinated to the needs of educational institutions. Educational activities of museums of visual aids, aimed at teachers of primary parochial schools, were to issue educational institutions with the teaching materials for temporary use and to improve the quality of teaching that by the general parameters complied with the work of secular museums of visual aids. By the first decade of the XX century pedagogical museums reached the culmination of their development and had become a recognized educational form of culture which not only developed professional and primary religious education but as well as scientific and pedagogical museums contributed to the improvement of the heritage conservation activity of Russia.

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