The contribution of merchants in the Architectural Physiognomy Educational Institutions Tyumen in late XIX - early XX centuries

The article is dedicated to the architecture of buildings of educational institutions of Tyumen in late XIX - early XX centuries, built at the expenses of local merchants. The work is based on the historical and archival and bibliographic research, as well as investigation on location. The article describes educational activities of certain prominent merchants of Tyumen, identifies objects for educational purposes, built on the initiative and at the expenses of those merchants, and also defines the role of the revealed buildings in shaping the face of the city for more than a century. The leading role of the Siberian merchants in the development of building up the city is noted in the article. Public buildings for various purposes, such as buildings for public meetings, schools, theaters, libraries, hospitals, alms-houses, as well as religious buildings were built on the initiative, funded and supported by the merchants, many of them were funded also during operation. Merchants invested vast sums of money into various social sectors, but especially into education. In the course of historical and archival and bibliographic research, the authors discovered the most striking and important objects for educational purposes, built in the late XIX - early XX centuries with the support of the Tyumen merchants. District school and girls' school were built by merchant Kondratii Kuzmich Sheshukov. Women's Gymnasium, Commercial and private school were built and maintained at their own expenses by Kolokol'nikovy brothers. Merchant A.I. Tekutjev put Public School into his own house; he opened Vocational School with foundry of A.I. Tekutjev and built a private school in his native village Borki. Aleksandrovskoe non-classical secondary school of P.I. Podarueva became the most beautiful and grandiose building in Tyumen. In this article the authors reveal the most striking educational institutions of Tyumen built with the support of the Tyumen merchants, analyze architectural and planning features, style trends. They also reveal historical and modern functional use of school buildings in late XIX - early XX centuries. Currently, most of the objects under study have a status of the objects of cultural heritage, such as monuments of architecture and urban planning, historical monuments. The main conclusion is that the significance of the objects under study has also remained in the modern urban situation of the city. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries as well as at the present time, these objects have retained their important role of urban planning, the function of a large public building, and most of them have educational function.

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