The origins of the «Alliance for Progress» in the idea of J. Kubitschek's «Pan-American operation»

In 1961, under new foreign policy of the United States toward the countries of Latin America, the program called "Alliance for Progress" was adopted. Despite the unprecedented scale of Kennedy administration approach, the principles underlying it, were not unique. With an eclectic nature, the program concentrated upon the ideas developed in the past decade within the walls of the White House and intellectual society of the United States, as well as outside the country. Along with the United States in the late 1950s, Latin American countries made attempts to develop a new approach to the cooperation arrangement in the region. One of the concepts, aimed at overcoming the crisis of Pan-American relations, belonged to J. Kubitschek (1956-1961). This article explores the origin of the "Alliance for Progress" initiative of the Brazilian president, known as the "Pan-American operation". The paper examines the pre-conditions for the concept emergence, considering its contents, marking the traits, which became the basis of John. F. Kennedy program. Also, the study highlights the process of cooperation between the countries of Latin America and the United States during the discussion of the project objectives; also the tasks and objectives of the parties are defined. Number of sources analysis allows the author to come to the following conclusions. Despite the fact that the project of the President of Brazil was not implemented, it set the ideas which were adapted in the United States, taking into account their own interests; they were brought into practice in Kennedy's policy, becoming the basis for a large-scale program called "Alliance for Progress". The program of development and assistance to the countries of Latin America kept an ideological base, proposed by the president of Brazil. The "Alliance for progress" as the plan of Kubitschek, was based on the mechanism of attracting foreign aid to enhance the economic growth of less developed partner due to the help of the leading country presented by the United States. Besides solving economical problems, the plan was aimed to make inter-American relations more harmonious. Comparison of Latin American project to transform relationship and realized program "Alliance for progress "gives an opportunity to talk about the difference in approaches of the United States and Latin America to solve the issues of cooperation. It's obvious that the USA is eager to solve the political issues, while the Latin American partner focuses on social and economic development of the region. It's also clear that the USA tends to totally control the process of decisions developing, making and implementing, manifested in the work at the projects "Pan-American operation" and "Alliance for progress" in spite of the independence of Latin American countries, which demonstrated willingness to solve their problems actively.

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