The origins and problems of formation of the Armenian diaspora in the United States

In general, this article is devoted to the history of formation and development of the Armenian diaspora in the United States of America. The author aims to analyze the objective and subjective factors that influenced the development of Armenian communities and organizations throughout America during different historical periods. The Armenian diaspora of the USA is one of the largest in the world. Nowadays the country is home to more than 1,5 million ethnic Armenians. Though Armenians of the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France and the Russian Empire began to move to America since its independence was declared, the major stream of Armenian immigrants took place in the period of 1915-1930. Basically these were the Armenians that escaped from the Armenian Genocide, committed by the government of the Ottoman Empire in the period of 1915-1923. Despite the complex social and cultural barriers, the Armenians managed to integrate deeply into American society. Massachusetts and California became the two main centers of residence of the Armenian communities. The first religious and secular associations were formed in Boston as well as the first publications in Armenian and English were made. In California the first lobbying organizations were created, that represented the interests of ethnic Armenians at the federal level and in the framework of the legislatures of states, counties and cities. In 1930 more than 8 000 ethnic Armenians served in the ranks of the army of the USA. The American government praised the selfless devotion, courage and military skills of Armenians. High military awards were given to many ethnic Armenians, who subsequently made a military career. Census 1920 revealed 37,647 Armenian-speaking persons born outside the United States, and only 52,840 Armenians born in the United States. In memory of Armenian Americans were fresh memories of genocide and a brief independence of the first Armenian republic. In 1915-1930 Armenians work hard for integrating into American society. In general, the period of 1915-1930 can be considered as a decade of transition. It was a time when the Armenians in all parts of the world have experienced the feeling of strong ties with the eastern and western parts of their historic homeland. Despite all the difficulties, the Armenians managed to overcome the psychological and social barriers. Becoming Americans, Armenians maintained their religion, identity and traditions. In this regard, it is important to note that the first Armenian communities were able to survive thanks to the activities of traditional Armenian parties and Armenian Apostolic Church.

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