Features of casting saddlery items in Tasmola culture

The present article discusses the details of the horse bridle in Tasmola culture which were received during archaeological excavations under the direction of Arman Z. Beisenov. Items, cast from bronze, come from the early Saka time from the territory of Central Kazakhstan. In particular, items from the burial Bakybulak were valuable for the studies of ancient technologies. The burial is located on the territory of Karkarala district of Karaganda region. As part of this burial and in addition to burials of the Saka era, two stone churches, which are called "altars" (the place of sacrifice), were excavated. Psalms, bits and items used to secure bridle straps were found in the altars № 4 and № 5. Items from the burial Bakybulak and bits from the burial Birlik were subjected to trasological analysis. To compare the received results data from studies of similar products from Aldi-Belsky monuments in Tuva was used. Studying subjects by trasological method allowed to say that the Bakybulak findings were cast and replicated in composite clay forms. Such forms were prepared using bone or carved wooden templates. Some examples of this technique are bits made by Arzhan-Chernogorov method. According to the results of special research works, it was found that this method of production is common for the early culture of the nomads. The presence of specimens with different units among bits can be explained by to the repair of the latter. Replacing the lost link and fastening it to the movable permanent connection to the old bridge took place in the same way as the original manufacturing of the subject. Technical and constructive comparison of the studied bits of Central Kazakhstan and Tuva suggests certain unity of Tasmola industrial tradition and Aldy-Bel culture. Earlier in the works of researchers it was repeatedly noted that the proximity of monuments of the early Saka time these two regions were located far enough away from each other. This new data further underscore the urgency of research of the nature of ethno-cultural contacts and mutual influences between the population of these territories. Some attention is drawn to the importance of the findings of a comprehensive study of Tasmola cultural monuments in Central Kazakhstan. These data can be considered as the first results of the trasological analysis of saddlery items in this culture.

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