To the problem of determining of nature of relationship of the chief and subordinate on the example of employees of the gold mines in Siberia in XIX - the beginning of the XX century

The study of relationship between superiors and subordinates on industrial plants is an interesting social, psychological and historical research. Such studies allow to plumb into the essence of these relations, to trace the historical dynamics of their development, to identify the causes and nature of the conflict between these two categories of workers. Soviet historians used the class-specific point of view during the study of the nature of relationship between superiors and subordinates in the prerevolutionary period and separated these categories of workers on opposite sides denying even the slightest possibility of their similarity to each other. In the postwar period the soviet scientists actively defended idea denying the thesis about the loss of the meaning of the class-specific point of view for studying a particular social group and about deproletarianization of working class. Western researchers insisted on such thesis and spoke about the gradual dissolution of the working class in so-called "middle class" after the World War II. Soviet researchers came to the conclusion that during the development of specialized production the employees became representatives of the authority of the owners of industrial enterprises and played firstly a supervisory function. Such an attitude to the nature of the relationship between superior and subordinate with minor changes still exists in the Russian science. In this article the author made an attempt to review the nature of the relationship between management personnel and workers of industrial enterprises on the example of workers of gold mining, the most developed industrial sector of pre-revolutionary Siberia. During research the author came to the following conclusions. The main factor in the relationship between these two categories of employees depended on hard working conditions on the mines: to compensate the lack of financial incentives of workers it was necessary to keep in the mines a large number of managers whose main task was only to goad the workers. It was the reason of hatred between mining workers and managers. With the growing solidarity of the workers, especially in the large gold mining enterprises, the administrations of gold mining began to listen and respond to the requirements of workers, including the replacement of the hated managers. In general the relationship between managers and gold mining workers changed from antagonism between these two categories in the XIX century to understanding the common interests in the beginning of the XX century, especially on the economic situation.

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