The population of the Pomor part of the Turchasovsky camp of the Kargopolsky district at the beginning of the XVIII century

The territory of the Pomor part of the Turchasovsky camp of Kargopolsky bridle (the Onega Pomorze) by the beginning of the XVIII century was located on coast of Onega Bay: Pomor and Onega. In article the questions connected with history of the population of the Onega Pomorze are studied: occupations, social structure, number, density of population of the yards, reasons and directions of migrations, marriage communications, alien population. Research is constructed at work with the unpublished census book of the Kargopolsky district of 1712 which is stored in Russian Record Office ancient act. By the beginning of the XVIII century the territory of the Onega Pomorze was ancestral lands of monasteries: Solovki, Ko-zheozersky, Kirilo-Belozersky and God. Salt production and fishery, traditional for the Pomor population, generally belonged to monasteries, and on condition of monastic economy and the economic policy pursued by them in many respects depended not only welfare, but also formation of structure of the population. The social structure of the population numbering 668 people of both sexes was problem: monastic peasants, monastic employees, clergy, solitary men, podsosednik (tenant), householder. Monastic employees and clergy (20%) were the most numerous group after peasants; solitary men, podsosednik and householder (8%). In ancestral lands of the Kozheozersky monastery Maloshuysky and Kyandsky volosts of the solitary man and podsosednik made 20%. By quantity of farmsteads volosts Zolotitskaya and Pushlakhtskaya differed. Needy segments of the population probably also made the basis for migrations to other districts. The Holmogorsky district (212 people), Arkhangelsk (22 persons), Dwin (12 people), Olonets (13 people) and Vazhsky districts (12 people), Siberia (12 people) were the directions of population shifts. Kollichestvo migrants 283 persons, more than have made 40% of the living population of the Pomor volosts (668 people). If to add to it 228 people "descent to the world it is unknown" the figure close to number of the population living at that time in the Onega Pomorze will turn out. Thanks to migrations of the earth of the Onega Pomorze by the beginning of the XVIII century have become empty half. Geography of places where migrants settled was quite wide: in the Nenoksky volost, the Varzugsky volost, in the Lopshengsky volost of the Dwin district, in Arkhangelsk, in the Vazhsky district, in the Kargopolsky district, in the Kolezhemsky volost of the Olonets district, in Zaonezhsky country churchyards, in the Sumy jail, in the Unezhemsky volost of the Holmogorsky district, in the Siberian Cities. There are data on marriage communications as a result of which the part of the female population went to other volosts and districts: from the Kyandsky volost to the Nizhmozersky volost, from the Maloshuysky volost to the Kusheretsky volost, from the Maloshuysky volost to the Olonets district the Nyukhotsky volost, from the Kusheretsky volost to the Maloshuysky volost, from the Lyametsky volost to the Kargopolsky district, from the Podporozhsky volost to the Nimengsky volost, from the Varzogorsky volost to the village of Konetsostrov (Chekuyevo), from the Taymitsky volost to the Holmogorsky district to the Solozersky volost. The alien population in the Onega Pomorze was mainly in monastic: the cattle and konyushenny yards, with rare exception in the country yards - natives of Prilutsky, Chekuyevsky, Fekhtolimsky, Zaostrovsky volosts of the Turchasovsky camp, of Turchasov, of Unizhemsky, Nyukhotsky volosts of the Olonets district, of the Rural volost of the Vazhsky district, of Lopshengsky, Solozersky volosts of the Holmogorsky district. The beginning of the XVIII century in the Pomor volosts of the Turchasovsky camp is characterized by deterioration of economic and social situation of the population. Indicator is the increase in needy segments of the population (podsosednik, podvornik, solitary men) and growth of migrations in Holmogorsky, Dwin, Vazhsky, Olonets districts and Siberia.

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