The Russian Population of Western Siberia in the System of Eurasian Trade Relations of the XVII-XVIII Centuries

The inclusion in the XVII century of Western Siberia in the Russian market contributed to the formation of commercial relations with the East and the West. These relationships involved both Russian and indigenous population. The cities of Tobolsk and Tara became trade centers. Consumers of imported goods were urban and rural population. In the Omsk region by the archaeological methods was studied cultural layers of the old villages of Tara's districk: Bergamak, Isuk and Anan'ino. Things complexes of rural sites have shown that many necessary life support items were imported and bought at fairs. The materials of the Tobolsk customs books published by O.N. Vilkov were analyzed to identify a range of imported goods. On the basis of obtained results a comparison of Tobolsk trade fairs goods with archaeological material from the investigated settlements was made. According to archeology among imported goods in the XVII century were building tools: adzes, chisels, drawing knives. Building accessories such as door brackets, breakdowns, hooks, all sorts of nails, mica plates for windows, door locks were also bought. In the XVII century economic and household implements was imported. It was spit-salmon, sickles, millstones for manual mills, horse bits, fishing hooks. Before the XVIII century people bought knives of different types, swivel scissors, fire strikers and rocks for ignition at markets. In the XVIII century own production of those goods established in Siberia. But rocks for ignition had been being imported until the XIX century.TJudging by the archaeological materials a lot of imported goods was part of dress complexes of the Western Siberia Russian population. This is fabrics of European, Russian and Eastern production, western shoes, and accessories: necklaces, rings, earrings, and buttons. Imported goods, mostly, were indicators of social status of their owners. These include wine, which consuming was recorded by the finds of glass bottles fragments. Tea imported from China along with porcelain can be considered a status drink. A specific status "thing" was tobacco, which was prohibited in the XVII century. Smoking was evidenced by the findings of pipe heads, made of bone and clay. The study showed that in the XVII century the Russian population was included in the scope of Siberian, national and international trade. In the XVIII century the range of imported goods to Siberia had changed. It was associated with the local production establishment and industrial development.

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