Especially of the burial rite Tashtyk' population (From anthropological analysis of cremated bones of Tashtyk monuments under stone plates in site Markelov Mys II)

One of the modern physical anthropology directions is the study of cremations. In foreign archeology, since the 60s of the last century, there is almost no study about a large cemetery with the remains of cremations without the view of anthropologists. The main rule is to support the results of excavations of the observations made in the analysis of calcified bones. In Russian archeology, the anthropological analysis of cremations is out of attention. This can be seen in relation to this kind of culture as Tashtyk, which stands out against the background of other Siberian archaeological cultures of Hun-Sarmatian time, the variety of forms of funeral rites. Questions that were needed to field and laboratory work with cremations of Tashtyk monuments were placed in the scientific literature, but their complex anthropological studies have not been conducted to date. The main task of the article is to fill this gap. The results of working with materials obtained in the course of many years of research repository Markelov Mys II, located in the Krasnoyarsk Region. Necropolis is a multi-temporal, multi-cultural complex, which includes monuments of Tashtyk cultures and objects of ancient Turkic time. All in all it was recorded 140 objects belonging to Tashtyk culture, including 89 under the stone monuments calculations, containing the remains of cremation. It was investigated 79 or 88.8% of them. Anthropological analysis confirmed the preliminary assumption of burning predominantly adult individuals (bone remains of children were recorded). Gender has been identified only in a few cases. Four individuals were recorded features and pathology development. In general, it is observed a certain canon of the rite of cremation which was common for the population, left the cemetery of Markelov Mys II. The rite was accomplished shortly after the death, in an open area of space near the source of wood at high temperature burning fire. At the same time there was a certain time lag between the time of the burning and the time of the burial. A complete picture of the skeleton in the grave did not play a significant role. The bones were placed together with waste in the production process, or the tomb of earth was placed at the bottom of the pit in a special container. Accompanying inventory in most cases was not put at all, but in some facilities met the remnants of meat food, stucco non-ornamental vessels (mostly canned form, small metal parts (buckles, rivets, rods, etc.), a fragment of a horny pins. The specificity of the source material does not allow to give a comprehensive description of the funeral of the rim Tashtyk population, burned their dead. However, the results can be the basis for the creation of anthropological data base for cremations and the extension to give a new impetus to the debate about the functional-semantic content "mention" in relation to the concept of Tashtyk culture.

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