Economy and environmental management in the activities of local self-government bodies of the Kalmyk steppe in the XIXth and early XXth centuries

The purpose of this article is a review of the activities of local authorities of the Kalmyk steppe in the XIX - early XX centuries in the system of interaction of population with the natural environment in the process of his life and pursued by the Imperial Executive government policy. His Majesty approved the "regulations on the management of the Kalmyk people of 1847" was the main source of law regulating the legal status and activities of local authorities in the Kalmyk steppe in the period. The study was the analysis of record keeping documentation of local self - government sentences ulus and aimak societies identified in the National archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, as well as statistical data on materials of the First General census of the Russian Empire in 1897 the Territorial scope of the study covers the outside of the Kalmyk steppes of Astrakhan province, which is geographically located in the zone of steppes, deserts and semi-deserts are characterized by arid climate, to determine the direction of economic development. In the process of life, the indigenous nomadic population interacted with the natural environment, as a result develop a certain system of attitudes, relationships governing the interaction process during the introduction of agriculture. Meanwhile, the traditional system of relationships in terms of economic development became obsolete, and many of the innovations pursued by the Imperial authorities in the Kalmyk steppe, did not immediately produce results. Institute for local self-government in the Kalmyk steppes of Astrakhan province in the XIX - early XX centuries, was one of the most effective structures to ensure the efficiency of society. The study is based on the principles of scientific character and objectivity. As research methods were used: statistical, allowed to characterize the extent of the problem in the Kalmyk steppe and reconstructive to restore the individual facts and mechanism of activity of local authorities in this direction. Special attention is paid to the role of local authorities Kalmyk society in the transformation of consciousness of the population associated with changes in the economic development of the region. In conclusion, the author concludes that the institution of local self-government of the Kalmyk steppe in the late XIX - early XX centuries played the role of conductor of the policy, which directly held the trusteeship administration in the face of Management of the Kalmyk people. Conservative population leading a traditional way of life, where the main source of wealth was cattle, not always willingly supported by many innovations. Meanwhile, despite that the elected bodies of local authorities carried out systematic work actively communicating with a Supervisory authority. So, bodies of local self-government of the Kalmyk steppe in the specified period was made a considerable contribution to the modernization of the economic system and the preservation of the environment.

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