The Ayalyn Volost in the Tara-Irtysh Region and the Southern Trans-Urals

The late I6th and the early I7th centuries was the time of Siberian khanate defeat and then Western Siberia accession to the Russian state which became crucial for many peoples, inhabited the region. Many of them straightway sworn on fidelity to the new state, others struggled the new authorities for many years. The Russian squads had found the fiercest resistance in the Tara-Irtysh Region from the Ayalyn Tartars that is a small Turkic-speaking group, displaced from South Ural by khan Kuchum. Archaeological researches have given a chance to allocate a series of settlements and military camps, which were founded by immigrants on coast of the Irtysh River and its inflows. Some sites have traces of storm and subsequent destruction. Ayalyns under the leadership of Kuchum, his sons and grandsons, defended their new homeland for several decades. When resistance had been suppressed a considerable part of the population, about 700 people, who had not accepted the new power, left the Irtysh Region and returned to the South Urals. The resettlement of a part of Ayle (a group of Bashkirs-Ayalyns) from in the Southern Urals to the middle Ob Region was accepted only at a hypothec level, because few written sources (the Siberian chronicles) did not reflect this process. The archaeological data evidence for the version which indicate, that in the I6th, as well as in the I7-I8th centuries the Turkic influence came primarily from not from South-West as before, but for South-East i.e. from Central Asia and the South Urals. The written sources revealed by the authors witness existence of Ayalynskaya (Ayalytabynska) volost as a part of the Tabynsky tyuba in the first half of the I8th century in the Southern Urals. Aggregate archaeological, ethnographic and written materials confirms the existence of fairly real social and economic communications of Turkic peoples of Trans-Urals with Turkic peoples of Tara’s Irtysh region in the I7th and I8th centuries and can form the basis to a version about the resettlement of a part of Aylins from Trans-Urals to Irtysh region in the 16th century and a return from Irtysh region to the Southern Trans-Urals in the I7th century. Despite the considerable distance dividing the residence of Ayalyns stayed in Western Siberia and ones returned to the former dwelling, they keep social communications, noted for rather intensive marriage relations. They are also keeping and some, acquired in Siberia, spiritual culture features, which are fixed for example in the burial rites. This is a subject for further researches.

Keywords

Authors

References