Essence of Islamic fundamentalism in Central Asia (1990-2000)

The concept of Islamic fundamentalism, its origins, and essence are being studied. The most recent advances in this direction by Russian and foreign orientalists and political scientists are being analyzed. The article presents the characteristics of the stages of Islamic fundamentalism development, as well as the problems that each stage had, the Islamic Renaissance, in particular, which began in the 1970s. and reached its climax in the 2000s both in the Islamic and Christian states. There is also made an attempt to dissolve similar concepts of this problem, such as Islamic fundamentalism and Salafism, that many authors use interchangeably. The S. Polyakov's concept of "traditionalism" and the A. Ignatenko's concept of "fundamentalism" are also being studied. According to the Polyakov"s concept of "traditionalism", the reason for such rapid spread of fundamentalism is that the social organization in Central Asia during the Soviet era has not changed at all and the ubiquitous crisis has led to the reactionary consequences. Ignatenko also gives quite an ambiguous concept. According to his concept, the modernization of the region in the XX century is the locomotive power, not the cause of attenuation in a given period of Islamic fundamentalism. Modernization, in his opinion, emancipated Central Asian society and Islam has become to be seen as a way not only to spiritual regulation of life, but also the way of political and economic regulation. The modern point of view of researchers in Central Asia is represented by the ideas of S. Kozhemyakin. He sees the causes of the Islamic Renaissance in the values disorientation, also as in the impoverishment of the population and in the archaization of the society, as a reaction to the penetration of Western values. An attempt was made to identify the reasons for the doctrinal roots and strengthen the role of the fundamental Islamic movements and movements in Central Asia. Distinctive feature of Islamic fundamentalism in the region is the "values vacuum" that has arisen due to the withdrawal from the region of Soviet power. There are four main tendencies inherent in Islamic fundamentalism in the 2000s. In Central Asia: the aggravation of the internal situation in the region, an increase in the level of criminalization of society and the proximity to power, crime, lack of terrorist attacks against government installations, the adoption of legislation against terrorism and extremism, narrowing civil liberties.

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