Estate complexes structure and dwellings' sizes of the Russian population of the Angara region in the late XIX -mid XX century (based on L.M. Saburova's materials)

A dwelling and estate complex are one of the main elements in the life support system. A structure, functionality of household objects within a manor is a well described in the ethnographic literature. A typology of dwellings has been developed; their horizontal and vertical planigraphy has been analyzed. However, the publications paid little attention to studying dimensional characteristics of dwellings and outbuildings, which can be compared with archaeological material. The study purpose is to clarify a composition of the estate complexes and size of its buildings to understand the traditions, specifics of their formation and ability to compare with archaeological materials. This research is based on the material of the inventory of the housing stock of the Angara Region Russian population, which are stored in the archives of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkammer). Data were collected in 1957-1961 by the Angarsk group of the expedition of Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences under leadership of L.M. Saburova in Kezhem district of Krasnoyarsk region. Comparative archaeological material on dwellings is the one obtained by the author during the excavations of Russian settlements of the XVII-XVIII centuries in the Omsk Irtysh region. The statistical methods of analysis are applied, which are systematic data collection, their processing and analysis; the author also used analogies and comparative historical methods. As a result, the data on 1203 estates of the Russian population were considered. They are systematized by periods: the first period is from the beginning of the XIX century to 1916, it reflects the established traditions in organization of dwellings and household complex; the second period is from 1917 to 1930, it characterizes the culture transformations associated with the change of the social system. On the basis of the information received, it was found out that the structure of an estate complex of Russian population of the Angara Region from the beginning of the XIX century to 1939 little had changed. Statistical data on the size of dwellings showed that Siberians built tall, spacious houses within the tradition, came to Eastern Siberia from the European part of Russia along with Russian settlers. The obtained information on the houses size allowed comparing them with archaeological material, what is done on the example of excavated dwellings from rural settlements in Western Siberia. The obtained amount of representative information allows conducting comparative analysis of ethnographic and archaeological material. Comparison of ethnographic and archaeological data revealed similar elements. This makes it possible to trace the dwelling evolution in time and space. In the Russian culture of the Angara Region the features characteristic of Russians from other regions of Siberia and the European Russia lingered in the house construction and sizes, and estates structure.

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