The names old barguts and new barguts as reflections of events in the history of two Baikal area ethnicities in the 17th and the first third of the 18th century

Barguts were part of the tribe of Khori named Barguts by Mongols and later by Manchu because of the inhabiting in Bargujin-Tokum. The aim of research is to reveal the origin of the words old and new in the names of Barguts ethnic groups which reflect the most important events of their history under Qing dynasty in Eastern Khalkha and Manchuria. Objectives: to determine the meaning of names old and new given by Manchu to ethnic groups joined in with them; to reveal when and where the New war of Yaksa on mid-Amur region took place whereby Manchu carried Barguts deep into China; to study the background of appellation of Khori people by the name Bargut and to determine where and when this people was enrolled in banner troops. The subject of the research is the little-known history of Old Barguts and New Barguts, two Mongolian ethnic groups of the north-east of China (Hulunbuir), of 17 - first third of 18 centuries. Ancestor of Old Barguts was the well-known in the Innermost Asia tribe of Barguts. Source of information: existing literature, archive and field material collected by the author in Hulunbuir and beyond its limits. The exclusive importance of the field material is that it fills in the gaps in information on the ethnic groups in documents. The author used special methods of field work (mapping, mass personal inquiry of tradition bearers). Conclusion. Names old and new, given by Manchu to ethnic groups which joined their colors, were kind of award for the consolidation of the state and the army. Barguts leaved the Baikal region and settled the mid-Amur region short of the Solon town Yaksa. In 1640 in the war for Yaksa Barguts were resettled to the border of the Manchu state and joined its colors. Between 1640 and 1670 this group was named Old Barguts. Khori were tributary of Tsetsen-khan and stayed long in his possession. Between 1655 and 1670 Khori being soldiers of regular Manchu army were named New Barguts. In Hulunbuir, Khori lost their ethnic identity and they accepted the name Bargut with the adjective new as an ethnonym. The formation of the community New Barguts (Shine Barga) independent from previous maternal ethnos Khori dates from 19 century. In 1732 Old Barguts from Qiqihar and in 1734 New Barguts from Eastern Khalkha were sent for continuous service to the border of Hulunbuir.

Keywords

Authors

References