Transformations on European Union remembrance policy (1970-2009)
This article examines how the supranational remembrance policy provided by European Union (EU) institutions as a part of European identity formation has changed since 1970's till 2009. The object of study is historical narrative constructed by actors of power. Purpose of this research is to underline external and internal conditions behind any European remembrance policy transformation. Key promoter of memory policy is European Parliament (EP), the only European institution which is formed by citizens voting. I focused on official documents (resolution) proposed by EP to understand choosing directions of memory politics and transformation of historical narrative. As I suppose, remembrance policy changed under impact of external and internal factors, and I distinguish three stages of supranational memory policy. First one - from mid-1970 until 1989. Here actors create positive image of Europe through “European heritage” and success of economic integration process. After the end of Cold war Europe need to find its new role and identity. Official narratives of war began to revise in all European states. Since 1990s Holocaust remembrance and this tragedy itself is foundation historical event for European identity and for understanding of political values such as human rights and tolerance. Main factor for signification of Holocaust memory is Bosnian war (1992-1995). Since East Enlargement (2004) new states contribute to European historical narrative with their experience of Stalinism and communism. After 2005 (with EP Resolution on 60 Anniversary of WWII), one could observe massive turn in supranational remembrance policy: from paradigm where crime of Holocaust interpret as “unique evil” to paradigm “Nazism and Stalinism as both equally crimes against humanity”. Such anti- totalitarian narrative could bring consensus to shared understanding of modern European history. European Parliament issued two resolutions (2008, 2009) to fasten Eastern memory on communism crime as significance to Europe. But problem is interpretation of European identity: which historical event (Holocaust or Stalinism) contribute more to creation of nowadays Europe and its values? Author concludes that focus on EU's achievement in human rights defense is a way to create supranational historical narrative: European history interpret as a path from nationalism and anti-democratic regimes crimes to the space of freedom and rights of European citizens.
Keywords
политика памяти,
европейская идентичность,
наднациональная политика памяти,
исторический нарратив,
Европейский союз,
remembrance policy,
European identity,
supranational memory politics,
historical narrative,
European UnionAuthors
| Getman Margarita A. | Tomsk State University | margarita.getman2015@yandex.ru |
Всего: 1
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