Problems of interethnic interaction between sakha and evenks

This article examines the interaction between Sakha and Evenks. Researchers always paid attention to the proximity of ethnonyms between the two peoples. The self-name of Sakha is associated with the words Sakhalian, Saharan in the Tungus-Manchu languages with the meaning of “hunting”, “hawking”, “raiding”. With the name of the Yakuts, carriers of Evenk ethnonyms yokohir ~ kakagil (yakol) in the north of Lake Baikal are compared. The ethnonym uranhai is the old self-name of the Sakha people. G.V. Ksenofontov believed that the name of Urahanhai was included in the composition of the Sakha, during the assimilation of the Evenki Sakha by the ancestors. G.M. Vasilevich collected materials proving that the terms “urankai” and “Evenki-uranhayi” appeared as a self-name of the Evenks of Transbaikalia. It was also noted the presence of genera with the name kangalas among Sakha and Evenks of Priamurye. The authors conclude that the Kangalas in the Aldan-Olekma Evenks are a common tribal name, the Tungus migrants from Vilyui and the limits of the East Kangalassi ulus. The name of the Yakut clan of Bayagantai is comparable to the name of one of the most numerous and widely distributed Tungusic genus Bayaghir. The ancestors of Bayaghir, as well as the Yakut baaiga, may be from the northernmost Teles tribe of Bayegh. The name of the Yakut clan is comparable to the name of the Namyat (Namyasin) clan of equestrian Evenks of the Southern Transbaikalia of the 17th century. The information of the Evenk folklore about the horse-breeding people is interesting, which were assimilated by the vokar. They tend to see the Turkic or Mongolian tribe of Merkit. The change in the way of life, the transition from cattle breeding to the management of hunting and reindeer husbandry, led to a change in ethno-consciousness. Thus, appeared Yakut-speaking Tungus reindeer herders and Tungus-speaking generic groups with Yakut ethnonyms. Entire Tunguska births passed to the Yakut language and cattle breeding. So the origin of the ethnic group of the Vilyui Yakuts is related to the migration of people from Central Yakutia - mostly kangalas by local Evenk clans. Many ethnographers wrote about the merger of Evenk groups with the Yakuts in the territory of Yakutia. Entire areas of Yakutia were formed as a result of such ethnic interaction. The Tunguso-Yakut mixed origin has an indigenous population of Zhigansky (on behalf of the Evenk genus edygene), Olekminsk, Ust-May, Oimyakon, Allaikhovsk and Anabar districts. However, even the southern ancestors of the Sakha could have deep ethnic ties with the Tungus-Manchurian peoples. The Turkic-Mongolian ancestors of the Sakha, living side by side, could enter into ethnic contacts with the ancestors of the Tungus-Manchurian peoples. The original Tungus-Manchurian ethnic origin could have carriers of ethnonyms merkit (mekrit), uranyhai (uraanhai), bayyrku (baegu), which were then included in Mongolian and Turkic peoples.

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