The governor and diocesan in the system of church - state relations in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries (on the materials of the Vyatka province)

The purpose of the work is to analyze the foundations and formats of relations between secular and spiritual authorities in the localities in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries from the standpoint of comparing the status of the governor and the diocesan as key figures in the system of church-state relations of this period. The source base of the work is archive documents (Central State Archive of the Kirov Region and the Russian State Historical Archive), statistical data (including materials from the First General Population Census of 1897), legislative acts, sources of personal origin (memoirs of the Vyatka Vice-Governor V. Ratkov-Rozhnov, merchant A. Prozorov) and others. The article analyzes the totality of objective and subjective factors that directly or indirectly influenced the nature of church-state relations on the ground in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. There was a serious impact of the nature of local conditions (remoteness from the center, the area of the controlled territory, the size and qualitative composition of the population) on the specifics of management in the secular and spiritual spheres. The article describes the appearance of representatives of the secular and spiritual power of the Vyatka province in the socio-demographic context (the origin, educational level, age of the Vyatka governors and diocesans are analyzed), which allows to evaluate the basis of their interaction. The formats of church-state relations in a particular region were determined not only by the prescription of the law and attitudes from the central government, but also by the characteristics of the region as an object of management, competences of representatives of secular and spiritual authority, and the specifics of the regional mentality. The study allows the authors to come to the conclusion about the increased importance of governors and diocesans in the system of church-state relations, since it was these actors who implemented state (including religious) policies on the ground. In this regard, the effectiveness and specificity of the implementation of state policy in the secular and spiritual spheres in specific regions largely depended on the competencies of governors and diocesans, their initiative, personal aspirations, which in turn was determined in part by the level of education, available administrative experience and other components of social capital the subjects studied. In general, the interaction of church and state in the late XIX - early XX century was an important factor in ensuring the stability of the existence of the Russian state, and the relationship of secular and spiritual authorities on the ground set the tone and direction of this interaction.

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