Historical stages of the formation of constitutional control bodies in Russia

The article refers to the phased formation of the constitutional control bodies in the Russian Federation. Historiographic analysis showed that for a long time the ideas of constitutional control were considered in the context of the ideas of constitutionalism and the development of constitutional law as a science. The main research in this problem was developed in the late 20th and early 21st century in connection with the formation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. As an exploratory goal, the author attempted to analyze all stages of the development of the bodies of constitutional control within the framework of the characteristics of the models of constitutional control used at this or that stage of development of the state. The application of the comparative-historical method, the interdisciplinary method allowed the author to conclude that it is possible to use different models of constitutional control at different historical stages. Using the normative legal acts, the theoretical justification for creating bodies of constitutional control in the Russian Federation, the author singled out three main forms of exercising constitutional control in Russia at different historical stages: parliamentary, quasi-judicial, constitutional. Based on the analysis of the Constitutions that operated in the territory of Russia, on the laws on the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the regulations of these courts, it was concluded that the constitutional control in the Russian Federation was carried out by the parliament (VTsIK) and the Supreme Court of the USSR, the quasi-judicial body (the Committee for Constitutional Oversight), and by the Constitutional Court. The peculiarity of the formation of constitutional control bodies in Russia is the transition from one model of constitutional control to another. In particular, the author suggested that during the period of the Constitution of 1918, 1924, 1936, 1977, Constitutional control was carried out by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Supreme Court, which gives grounds to characterize these bodies in terms of the type of implementation of constitutional control under the American model of constitutional control. With the introduction of amendments to the Constitution of the USSR in 1977, the Committee for Constitutional Control was established, that is called as quasi-judicial body. At the present stage of development with the formation of the Constitutional Court, we have formed a European model for exercising constitutional control. Analyzing the main stages in the formation of bodies of constitutional control in Russia, one can agree with the assertion that different models of constitutional control were used in different periods of its historical development in Russia, which is not characteristic of other states. The use of this or that model of exercising constitutional control was connected with the peculiarities of the development of the state at a particular historical stage.

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