Information modeling of buildings and structures: “smart monuments of wooden architecture”

The experience of applying BIM technology to ethnographically and historically significant buildings and structures suggests the appropriateness of distinguishing objects of wooden architecture in a separate category, which requires only its inherent modeling methods related to both the historical and technical features of wooden buildings based on libraries of traditional composite elements, and with the need to take into account all the parameters of the elements of the structure during research, certification, operation and restoration. Information models of such objects, together with the territory adjacent to them, become the primary elements from which the land information system is formed, which is part of a more general geographic information system. Novelty of the task of the article is to consider the possibilities of applying BIM information modeling technology for the conservation and maintenance of wooden buildings and structures. The authors of the article use the technique developed by experts at the Kizhi Museum as the basis for identifying approaches to creating information models of ethnographically significant architectural objects, which can conditionally be called “smart monuments of wooden architecture”. The main types of services for architectural objects include regular preventive measures, monitoring of technical condition, conservation measures. It is important to clearly fix the time schedule and the results of their implementation for each element of the building, as well as the ability to analyze the work done and determine the schedule and content of preventive measures for the future. The ordinary information model can do this task well but demands some mandatory additions, such as the appearance of analysis of the strength and gas-dynamic characteristics of the building; a unit for automated collection of element-wise information through sensors and special controllers; a unit for analyzing collected information for making specific decisions. Information modeling is a way to a new level of informatization of work with ethnographic objects, historical and architectural monuments, which takes the studied or preserved building or structure to the “smart” level, and also expands the ethnographic methodological base, forcing a new look at the practical application of ethnographic research results to work with significant, but not having an official status of objects. Ethnography could take on the role of a storage of information, which not only characterizes the object at the time of its research, but also allows to observe it for a long time, which provides the basis for recommendations on its safety. Thus, a gap will be filled between the identification of a culturally significant object, which is provided by ethnographic research, and the assignment of the official status of a monument to it, when museum workers, museum researchers, and restorers begin to work.

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