A collection of glass from the Tomskiy ostrog archaeological monument based on fieldwork materials of 2017

Researches of the field season of 2017 were of a security and rescue nature and were carried out on the site of the proposed construction located in the historical district of Tomsk on the territory of the former upper settlement on the Voskresenskaya Gora (Resurrection Mountain). As an archaeological site, Voskresenskaya Gora is included in the register of cultural heritage sites under the name Tomskiy Ostrog (the Tomsk’s fortified settlement). Archaeological research in this part of the city has been going on for more than 50 years. Professional excavations were begun in 1968 by V.I. Matyushchenko. The main volume of excavations was carried out in the 19802000s by M.P. Chernaya on the southern cape of the Voskresenskaya Gora, where in 1648 the Tomsk Kremlin was built, and along the streets of Bakunin and Oktyabrsky Vzvoz, where the town’s upper fortified settlement was located. In the course of these studies, a main fund of archaeological sources was created; reconstructions of the defensive system of the Kremlin and the voivode estate were made, the inconsistency of the traditional point of view about the place of Tomsk foundation on the southern cape was proved. The results obtained over several decades laid the foundation for further research in the territory of Tomskiy Ostrog. Protective and rescue excavations in 2017, with an area of 500 square meters, were carried out within the boundaries of the land plot at 12 Bakunin street (former Efremovskaya street). In the cultural layer of the 17th-20th centuries, with a thickness of up to 3.5 m were the remains of objects of different times that were not a single complex were revealed. The entire collection (5 thousand pieces) includes a variety of objects, including glass. A relatively small collection of glass products has a significant information potential. This made the given category of finds the subject of this study, the purpose of which is to identify the historical and cultural content of glass products. Glass on the basis of technical and morphological features is divided into three chronological groups: of the 18 - turn of the 18/19 centuries; of the 19 century; of the 20 century. According to the functional purpose of glass products are divided into several types: vessels, jewelry, and window glass. Vessels of the 19-20 centuries are represented by fragments of bottles, wine, pharmacy and perfume containers, vials for vinegar and ink. The 18th - 19th centuries ware of European and Russian production was made by blowing, including in the mold. Fragments of wine bottles of the first half of the 19 century with brands were found. Sweet white Sauternes wine of high (Haut) quality produced in France was poured into those bottles. Jewelry is represented by turquoise beads made of a stretched tube. European-made beads, possibly Dutch, are dated back to the 17th -18 th centuries. Window glass of the 19th-20th centuries is presumably of local production. Fragments of products made using the filigree technique were found, as well as a fragment of a vessel with floral ornaments made using the technique of engraving with a diamond needle. European-made vessels - with filigree, engraving, wine bottles, perfume vials with expensive imported drinks and drugs, and to a large extent belonged to prestigious consumption items. The presence of imported glass products on Russian Siberian monuments reflects the development of cultural ties between Siberia and Europe. Glass products as a special category of objects with a rich historical and cultural content in the future should become the subject of a special study in Russian archeology of Siberia.

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