The first generations of the 17- 19th centuries Russian population in the Omsk Irtysh region according to dental anthropology

The study aim is to describe the early permanent Russian populations of the central West Siberia from the permanent teeth morphology point of view, and to assess biological adaptation of these populations to their new living conditions. Dental morphology of 4 cranial samples of the early Russian settlers of the Middle Irtysh region was studied for the first time Ananyino I, Izyuk I, Tara 2013 and the Butyrskoe cemetery (Omsk). These samples were obtained during the archeological excavations by L.V. Tataurova, M.P. Chernaya and M.A. Korusenko ca in different areas of Omsk Oblast (Russia). All the samples are dated to the 17-19th cc. and represent rural and urban Orthodox populations. These were compared with synchronous Russian samples from the Asian and European parts of the Russia, and with samples of Siberian Tatars. The comparison has shown the early Russian settlers of Siberia retained the European dental complex and were anthropologically different from neighboring groups of Islamic population. Most of the samples from the Omsk region display the following suit of features: absence of lingual displacement of the I² (while cases of complete absence of this tooth are present); low frequencies of shoveling, deflecting wrinkle of the metaconid, lyre-like shape of the 1ра fissure, enamel extensions at the second molars, and the accessory cusp c5 of the М¹; high prevalence of the gracile type of the lower molars crown; absence of accessory third roots of the М1 accompanied by high frequencies of two-rooted Р¹. The Tara small sample more often deviates from the common dental complex of clearly pronounced Caucasoid traits. A substantial admixture from baptized non-Russian local population - likely the Tatars - can be hypothesized in this sample. Other samples also display limited biological contacts with native Asian populations, though less pronounced than at Tara. This is evident for example, in an increased frequency of the distal crest and deflecting wrinkle at Ananyino, 6th cusp of the М1 - at Izyuk, and a highly increased prevalence of the distal crest and tami cusp in the sample from the Butyrskoe cemetery. The Russian populations of the Omsk Irtysh region demonstrate a high level of local variation whereas the maximum differences are observed between the urban Omsk and Tara samples. A principal components analysis show that Ananyino is similar to populations from the northern part of Central Russia, Izyuk - to Russians from the Tomsk Ob region, Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk towns and Volga region, Tara - to the Turkic groups of lowland Siberia and metis Turkic-Russians, Butyrskoe cemetery - to the Russians from Tomsk and Kazan. The Tara sample demonstrates the closest similarity with Ananyino group. The main conclusion of the present study is the populations carrying the Russian cultural traditions of the Modern Age were settling their new Trans-Ural habitats at the same time via biological adaptation to the environmental conditions of Western Siberia. But at the population level they retained the anthropological traits pointing to their European origin.

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