Optical surveillance and intelligence devices used by the Red Army and Germany during the Great Patriotic war. Analogy of use

The article examines the observation and reconnaissance devices of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and the German army, which were used in hostilities during the Great Patriotic War. A comparison is made of the following observation and reconnaissance devices: binoculars, stereoscopes, periscopes, artillery compass, one-meter anti-aircraft rangefinders. Based on a comparison of the characteristics of the devices, it was concluded that none of the parties to the military conflict had significant technical superiority in terms of observation and reconnaissance devices. The purpose of this work is a detailed study of optical observation devices for the ground forces of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht. A wide range of sources and literature was used as research materials, namely, scientific and technical manuals and textbooks covering the tactical and technical characteristics of observation devices: military literature describing the pages of the feat of the Soviet people, electronic resources that complement the circumstances of the events that took place and give a more detailed picture interaction between humans and optical devices during hostilities. Speaking about the research methodology, this article is based on the comparative historical method. The work consistently analyzes the evolution of optical observation devices used by soldiers during the Second World War. Production of the first experimental models, as well as their use during hostilities. On specific historical examples, the work demonstrates the importance and necessity of the development of technologies in the field of optics. The article concludes that since the creation of sights, engineers have gradually increased the importance of optical observation devices through the introduction and modernization of technologies that ensured their increasing efficiency and survivability. Optical devices have become an obligatory part of the equipment of all operating units. Indeed, thanks to them, the soldiers could monitor the enemy and adjust the fire. Based on a comparison of the characteristics of reconnaissance and observation devices of the armies of the USSR and Germany, it can be concluded that, in general, the devices of both armies did not fundamentally differ technically. In optical and technical characteristics, some devices of the USSR dominated over German ones, in some - the opposite.

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