The role of nomads in the formation of martial arts in the North Caucasian peoples

The subject of this article is the history of the martial art of the North Caucasian peoples. The aim is to identify common and specific trends and factors of formation of military skill among the North Caucasian peoples. The author considers such aspects of the theme as the formation of mountain ethnic groups, external and internal conditions of formation and development of their military art, paying special attention to the Genesis of the formation of martial arts. The novelty of the stated theme is that the reconstruction of the spiritual heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus will help to overcome the stereotypes about the spiritual values of non-titular ethnic groups of Russia and provide modern politicians with interesting material that contributes to a thoughtful and balanced consideration of topical issues of modern international tolerance. The special contribution of the author is that, for the first time, he raised the most important problem of reconstruction of the whole picture of ideas and experience of the military art practiced by the peoples of the North Caucasus. The author wrote many glorious pages in the chronicle of the national military history and introduced the archival sources and documentary materials into scientific circulation. The methodological basis of the study was general philosophical theories about the role of the people in the creation of spiritual and material culture and the idea of the influence of the environment on the specifics and identity of the development of military affairs of the North Caucasian ethnic groups. The article uses the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency, which allow to analyze the facts and events of the past in a certain historical situation in the course of their development in chronological order. Conclusions are drawn that the whole history of the peoples of the North Caucasus was a series of military clashes, which is explained by the continuous redistribution of territories, when mountain ethnic groups were forced to adapt and comply with the rules in which they were under the influence of external factors becoming targets of attacks by many invaders (Batu, Timur, etc.). The constant need to protect their land urged the mountaineers to completely subordinate their way of life to the military craft, which could not but affect the mentality of the peoples, their culture. The highlander was not thought without war and military raids. It was under such circumstances that there was an urgent need to improve the martial art and therefore all the spiritual and material culture of the old residents of the region until the XIX century retained a militarized basis and was imbued with the spirit of fight. The objectivity and reliability of the results obtained is provided by a wide database of sources, compliance of research methods with the goals and objectives of this publication, the duration and multifaceted nature of the study. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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