Development of projects of reforming of the scientific and technical sphere and results of their realization in the context of transition of the Russian Federation to the market

The aim of the article is to indentify the main conceptual approaches to reforming of scientific and technological complex in Russia after the dissolution of the USSR and their significant results under crisis circumstances and transition to market economy. The study is based on published and unpublished documents, including an array of the approved government documents and documents which nowadays are stored in the State archive of the Russian Federation and Archive of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of Russia. The most interesting among the materials are cover letters and notes of the management of the Ministry of science, High school and technical policy of the Russian Federation, the directive of the Government, the materials of parliamentary hearings, the commissions of the State Duma, and the results of Audit Chamber control. No less important for the compilation of a more objective picture of the situation in the scientific and technical sphere of the country in the 1990s were the appeals of heads of enterprises, scientific organizations, large scientists to the authorities, which contained both concrete proposals and thinking about the future of science in the case of a government-adopted course. The analysis of documents and materials allowed to affirm that the principle of selective support of scientific schools of world importance, «getting rid of ballast» was defined as the main tasks of the reformers. The recommendations of the scientific community were qualified as extremely conservative, and on this basis were ignored. It was staked on "plurality" of sources of financing; appearance of effective managers during the forced privatization; compulsory adaptation of the scientific and technical spheres and education system to "a real social and economic situation"; carrying out policy of "emergency crisis response measures with initial preparation for expansion of the market sphere" assuming: restriction of economic growth on a number of branches, curtailment of investments, credit mechanism, liberalization of the prices, oppressive tough tax policy, liquidation of the unprofitable and remunerative enterprises and organizations, etc. The measures taken, designed by the reformists to accelerate the transition to the post-industrial world and to integrate successfully into the global economy, in fact allowed only to survive certain segments of the scientific and technological complex, but not to develop. The created funds, the state scientific centers, science and technology parks haven't developed in unified national innovative system. Moreover, pilot productions and branch science have broken up, many scientific schools have disappeared, process of "leakage of minds" has assumed a dangerous scale, the innovative activity of the enterprises has sharply gone down. The article formulates conclusions that the reform of the scientific and technical complex in the 1990s was not aimed at acceleration of modernization processes, but only its «adaptation to the format of the market model of functioning of the public system», and was characterized by scientific unreasonableness, borrowing, declaring, inconsistency. It resulted in considerable social expenses, resource, personnel and spiritual and moral losses. The processes of industrialization and modernization of the country have unfolded. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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