A historical overview of Sino-Russian cooperation within the Shanghai Five (SCO): a view from China. Achievements and difficultie

The article is a historical overview of the cooperation between the Russian Federation and China in the framework of a regional organization in 1996-2000. The study is devoted to the study of Sino-Russian cooperation and the historical role of the Shanghai Five. The article consists of five parts; the introduction emphasizes the importance of the relationship between China and Russia in the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in a variety of aspects. The first part of the article discusses the historical background of Sino-Russian cooperation in the military and border areas. Then, development in the border areas of the Russian Far East and Chinese Northeast is considered; the basis was the mutual trust of the military and the reduction of border tension. In conclusion, the analysis of cooperation in 1996-2000 is analyzed. It is noted that relations between the two countries still have shortcomings. The authors believe that the SCO contributed to the development of Sino-Russian relations with greater mutual trust. The debugging of the functioning mechanism of the “Shanghai Five” made it possible to raise the importance of the organization for all countries included in it, especially for China and Russia, and the association was able to become an example of flexible regional cooperation. Sources for the study were both Chinese and Russian articles and materials. Economic works and periodicals on the Russian foreign economy are of great importance in Russian citations (for example, the article of L.E. Strovsky). Internet resources, such as articles and news, have given the authors a lot of help. The historical review reflects the different assessments to the same issue on both sides of the border: the antagonism between the participants is particularly obvious; at the same time, along with the situation at that time, the trend of solving the problem has emerged. This experience also applies to other international organizations - the Eurasian economic community, the silk road economic belt, etc. The article also relates to the literature of V. Larin, V. Litovkin, I.A. Rodionova, A.I. Parfenov, V. V. Shubin, which expounds different performances of the relationship between the two countries in different periods. At the same time, the used Chinese sources and literature were almost never put into scientific circulation. Such authors as Wang Xinhua, Wei Yujiang highlighted national defense research and action; Li Yongchuan noted positive developments in the 70-year history of Sino-Russian relations. A review by Ma Xuysheng emphasized that relationship tensions cannot last forever. Ma Shufang has focused on the drain of "Russian brains and talents" since 1991, and Wang Jing on the issue of exporting labor from the PRC to Russia from the early to mid-1990s; Qian Yongkun, Wang Yanli - noted an increase in energy demand in China in the 1990s. and deduced that their reasons were GDP growth and changes in wages in China.

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