Political surveillance under professors of russian universities in end XIX - beginning XX centuries

The article is devoted to the problem of political surveillance under professors corporation at the Russian universitieson boundary XIX-XX centuries. During the period under political supervision was carried out a separate body of gendarmes andsecurity department, but the professors and monitored by the Office of the Ministry of Education. The main method of control advocatedsecret surveillance, who run a number of "unreliable" professors and a lecturer.Despite the fact that police surveillance, obtained through covert surveillance, and sometimes did not look too convincing, theauthorities will probably not greatly mistaken about the political beliefs appreciable part of the university teaching of the corporation. Indeed,during the period under review, most of all professors and teachers began to be skeptical of the existing political regime and sympathetic tothe idea of change.Political police and ministerial heads, locking in countless reports and report these feelings, is not ready to go on "decisive action": evenconvicted of uttering "anti-government speeches and contacts with revolutionaries professors and university lecturers are usually keptuniversity service. This does not mean that the government was not removed from the high school pro-opposition of its representatives havetaken place, and such examples. For political reasons were dismissed professor at Moscow University, M.M. Kovalevsky, in 1887, professorof Tomsk State University, M.A. Reisner in 1903, professor of Kazan University, N.N. Firsov in 1914, but called the government's policytowards disloyal to the authorities minded teachers rigidly repressive also impossible. A certain softness and a waiting police tactics can beexplained, perhaps, the reluctance to disturb an already troubled high school in the first place - the students, which is very difficult (and notalways) turned out to keep from participating in the political process on the opposite side with respect to power.

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