The concept «memory places»:to the question on russian historical consciousness

The problem of development of national identity in modern Russia is closely related to the problem ofcomprehension of Russian nation itself in new historical terms, taking into account the protracted interval of suppressing of this theme andformed subzero settings, related to dread of «Russian nationalism». A collective identity always is the question of samoidentifikation ofparticipating in it individuals. It exists only in a that degree, in what certain personalities acknowledge it in it participation. To learn correctlyand in necessary for society direction to influence on development of ethnic conceptions of collective identity is, in our view, by the majorpractical task of all humanities on the modern stage. As we suppose, scientifically developing conception of Russian national building isnecessary leaning against four bases. It collective ethnic unconscious, including from itself the basic categories of ethnic mentality; realizedhistorical memory of people, historical fact and geopolitical realities. Realization in public consciousness of conception of national identitymust pass in history-patriotic, civil legal and cultural-ethics aspects. The realized historical memory of people has a difficult structure. Itconsists of great number of emotionally gap-filling myths and their interpretations, mysterious rituals (including political), many of whichfind the embodiment in so-called «places of memory» or «Lieux de memoire» (school of the French historian of P. is Nora) - thephenomena, steady appearances, defiant positive or subzero associations at majority of population of country or region. Term «place ofmemory» very near by the value to the greek concept «topos». It is a «symbolic figure», the value of which can change depending on thecontext of its use, transmission, appropriation and perception and which, losing a value, can again disappear from collective memory. Theall-russian places of memory it is been, for example, Alexander Nevskiy, space center Baikonur, picture barge «Haulers on Volga», Mamaevburial mound and other Regional Voronezh it is been, for example, Kol'cov and Nikitin. What anymore in ethnic consciousness of positive«places of memory», and less than subzero, the higher self-esteem of people, stronger patriotic spirit. Development and change of contexts acollective including national identity depends On the evaluation, semantic, emotional filling of «places of memory». World practice showsthat estimations of steady national storage cells, both positive and subzero change easily. The same «place of memory» can change theevaluation loading once or twice during one generation. It is known that a) for the steady mastering of one or another appearance it isnecessary to repeat him human consciousness no less than 20 times; b) the steadiest appearances are appearances stopped up to five years.Realization of ideological conception and program of patriotic education must not grow into the next attempt of manipulation publicconsciousness, copyings of history. The competent going is for this purpose needed near a historical fact, to lying in basis of any ideologem.

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