The establishment of social care of people in Tomsk region in 1995-2004

This article deals with creation, establishment and actual condition of new (for Russia) forms of social care. The collapse of the USSR, thepolicy of "shock therapy", fast transition to the exchange relations, swift creation of big oligarchical business, war in the North Caucasusbrought to the huge pauperization of the most of the people in Russia. The consumption of Russians in 1996 formed 40% of 1991's level, theliving wage couldn't possibly satisfy the minimal needs of a human being, unemployment, instability, general poverty and lack of hopes forthe future favored the marginalization of the people. In such complicated conditions the services of social care was being established. However,the social history of modern Russia haven't become the subject of solid research for Russian historians yet. The realization of Russianlaws, which are dedicated to serve the needs of society, especially poor men, retired people and disabled persons is not still researched. Thatis why the goal of this article is to examine the changes that happened to social care in 1995-2004 and the role of social services in this processon the example of Tomsk region, which was a typical representative of Russian province. Here all the Russian tendencies of stagnationwas traced in full. In 1990ths the number of the people who needed social care and protection grew up very fast. In 1995 there were 2187disabled children (1,5 per cent of all the children) in Tomsk region. When the number of disabled people in the region grew up for 3,5%during 1991-1994, in the same time the number of disabled children grew up for 18%.There were the serious problem of unemployment. Forthe beginning of 1995 there were 12298 officially unemployed in the region, three quarters of them were the women. It is good to mentionthat there was a deficit of workers in the region. First of all the unemployment threatened the specialists with higher education. Also, retiredpeople and veterans had many social problems. Social services in this period searched for new forms of organization, so in the end of 2004the created developed enough infrastructure. A lot of experience in target social care, definition of subsidies, advantages, was accumulatedby social services, and in comparison with ones that existed in 1990ths they became more structured and organized. Also target grants were avery new method in social care. The work of social services became more systematic and targeted. The inhabitants of Tomsk region adoptedto the new style of life, trusted social services much more than in 1990ths and used their help more frequently.

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