Agricultural development of Tomsk uyezd by the men of service in the 18th century

During the 17th century several agricultural regions appeared on the territory of Tomsk uyezd. The article is concerned with the developingof Podgorodny and Spassky regions by the men of service and their descendants. The region had appeared before the all the restones and became the foundation for the further colonization of the uyezd lands. In 1720 Podgorodny region includes 65 farms, 40 of thembelonged to the men of service, retired Cossacks and Cossack children. 18 farms belonged to the posadsky people, 5 farms belonged to thewidows of the men of service and two ones belonged to the obrochny people. The peasant farms havent been mentioned. The family compositionof the men of service was represented with the Arkashevs, the Bazhenins, the Gutovyms, the Grigorivskys, the Kolmogorovs, theKuznetsovs, the Kuchumovs, the Olovenishnikovs, the Permitinovs, the Petukhovs, the Plotnikovs, the Protopopovs, the Chuskaevs. If in1720 only 15% of the men of service didnt have any tillage, by 1759 among their descendants there were 73% landless. But only the fifthpart of raznochinetz had the tillage in 0,5 - 1 dessiatina, but only 6% of the descendants of the men of service of Podgorodny region cultivatedin 2 dessiatinas. In the first quarter of the 18th century in the composition of Spassky region one managed to determine besides Spasskyregion the village of Baturino, Verkhnebasandaisky, Ipatova, Vershinino and Kaltaiskaya. The men of service and Cossack children wererepresented with 23 families. The peasants lived only in Spassky village. By the middle of the century the percent of the uncultivated farmsincreased. Their quantity composed of 32%, the majority of the farms composed of the lands being cultivated from 0,5 to 2 dessiatinas (45%,42 farms). Only in the village of Kaltaisky and Vershinino it has been observed the increase of the areas under crops in 2 - 5 dessiatinas inseparate farms of the descendants of the men of service. In spite of the fact that 15% of the peasants didnt have any tillage by the end of thecentury, as a whole the increase of the areas under crops composed of 1,5 dessiatinas in one farm during the century. In Podgorodny regionthe raznochinetz of 112 farms were horseless and composed of 28 (25%) masters of the farm, there was only one horse in 40% of the farms.In Spassky region only 10 people (11%) didnt have any horses among 93 masters-raznochinetz, the whole number ran to 198 horses, onaverage in 2 for one farm. As for the peasants of Spassky region among 67 masters of the farm 10 (15%) of them didnt have any horses, onaverage there were about 3 horses in one farm. 20 people (35%) had only one horse. Thus the men of service became the first who started todevelop the mentioned lands in agricultural meaning. The peasants lived only in Spassky village. The extension of the lands under cropsduring the 18th century was insignificant. Many descendants of the men of service gave up farming. It has been observed the small but stableincrease of the areas under crops in Spassky village, the majority of its inhabitants made up the descendants of the peasants - first settlers.

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