Polish school in West Siberia (1890-1920-s.)

Polish school in West Siberia (1890-1920-s.). With the formation in the cities of Siberia of the large groups ofPolish population arose a question about the instruction of the settlers' children. At the end of the XIX-th centuries in the province cities ofWest Siberia the primary schools are opened, which related to the Ministry of public education. Such schools existed to the means of localPolish charitable organizations. Such first school was formed in Tomsk. Soon such schools began to operate in Tobolsk and in Omsk. Polishschools in Siberia at the beginning of the XX - th century appear also in the rural locality. A similar Polish «secret school» existed in thevillage of Belostok of Tomsk province, but the instruction in it did not bear regular character. The development of Polish education duringthe years of the First World war was connected with flow of thousands of refugees. Polish public organization played larg role in thecreation of schools for refugees. Schools for the instruction of the children of polish refugees appear in the majority of the West Siberiacities: Tomsk, Novonikolaevsk, Kainsk, Tyumen. February revolution revealed new possibilities in the development of national school inRussia. Provisional government proclaimed the cancellation of all class, religious and national limitations, including in the use of nativelanguage in the private schools. Thus, national minorities in Russia obtained freedom in their cultural development. New stage in thedevelopment of polish school began after the victory of Bolsheviks in the Civil war and in connection with the mass departure of Poles to themotherland. Polish schools and the orphanages in cities and villages of West Siberia were reorganized according to the principle of unitedworking school. In the 1920- s the predominance of the schools of the first step with the three year period explains by the fact that majorityof national population lived in the rural locality, and children were irreplaceable helpers in the peasant farm. Thus, more favorable conditionsfor organization and activity of the schools of general education were formed in Siberian cities. The reduction of the number of Polishschools occurs during 1920-s. Such occurrence was, first of all, connected with the departure to the native land of Polish optants, prisoners,refugees and their children. The system of soviet polish school began to be created since 1923, when after repatriation polish population hadformed on the territory of Soviet state. In 1921-1922 - s many schools of national minorities, including polish, were reduced, because amongthe soviet workers is extended the idea about internationalism as the negation of entire national. Keeping of national schools was consideredas the manifestation of nationalism. On the other hand, the knowledge of Russian spoken language and Russian written language gave largeprospect in the life to the representatives of different peoples. So the representatives of national minorities, including Poles, rejected the studyof national reading and the number of students of national schools constantly was reduced.

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