The evolution of sociological views of the city in terms of classical metaparadigmy

The basic theoretical and methodological approaches of the city's study are formed in conceptions of scientists fromthe classical sociological metaparadigmy. The studies were of the classical general nature in the early stages. The labor was laid as the mainconstituent feature of urban life by Karl Marx and Max Weber. That type of labor, its nature and characteristics identified approaches to thetypology of cities in terms of classical metaparadigma. If the study of the city to distinguish three levels of consideration, the first level ispresented by general characteristics of the city (mostly defined in terms of society or the study of social life), it means the view generally. Atthis level, there were investigations of Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, K. Ritter, F. Ratzel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, in which suchbasic categories for the study of cities as the spiritual life, the importance of evolutionary factors, geographical location and landscape, thedivision of labor and property were identified. The second level is a level where characteristics of a separate stage of its development in therelations and conditions of each society are specified. This approach means the prospective review of certain aspects of the city, the creationof typologies and classifications on separate grounds. To the rating of considering the city include the works by Max Weber. Georg Simmel,F. Tonnies, C. Booth. The classic image of the city formed with fundamental differences from the village, with its difficult spiritual life andbroad public interaction is submitted in works by the authors. The third level is a level of multi-criteria approach to the city from thesevantage points, analysis of its spatial and temporal public, development and other structures are proceeded. This approach is typical for theChicago school of sociology. Thus, if we had the opportunity to analyze a social phenomenon of a city exclusively from the perspective ofclassical metaparadigmy, we would set the following point of view within the perspective of social interaction between communities in thespace-time continuum «classical city». The development of a city determined the gradual separation from the village on the basis ofspecialization and cooperation of different social groups, which, in turn, were formed in the course of this interacted formation or limitedinteraction with each other, that's fundamentally influenced the development of the trajectory of a city. The property, a high level ofcompetition and the division of urban communities on the basis of spatial-temporal conditions and forms of their existence - are the mainfeatures of the city, which image is created by members of the classical metaparadigmy.

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