Features development of the Russian bank business in afterreform time (the comparative analysis)

Reforms of 60th years of 19 centuries have opened a way for free progress of the private initiative, business and a competition. In the country the first commercial banks are established, the ground for their occurrence has been prepared also demand for them for a long time felt. The first joint-stock commercial bank - Санкт - Petersburg private - has opened in 1864, and that by means of the Government, and the nearest 4 years has opened thirty banks. The enterprise environment alongside with representatives of old merchant dynasties was filled up with natives of peasants, petty bourgeoises, shop handicraftsmen, foreign businessmen, as well as the Russian noblemen. The significant number of bankers - businessmen was from the Jewish bourgeois. Among enterprise dynasties the appreciable seat was borrowed also with foreigners. Powerful results of commercial and industrial activity have drawn attention to business and representatives from official of the environment. Among the persons, engaged bank business, were also representatives of liberal trades - representatives of a science, doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc. In the beginning of 20 century numbers of the business world intensively replenished with representatives of an engineering body, lawyers and other persons of liberal professions who are earlier not had any communications with the enterprise environment. Characteristic feature of the Russian society of times of restructuring was social mobility when movings from one group in another are possible not only a "vertical" way to elite, but also. The way to business at shaped Russian bank elite was different. Those who older, have headed bank structures after reorganization of the state banks. It -professionals-financiers. Reorganization of bank system of the USSR was carried out at their active participation. Others, not gathered additionally and before the fortieth anniversary, become initiators of creation of new commercial banks. The bankers the second group it is possible to divide on two subgroups - professionals and not having special formation. Professionals of a banking unlike bankers of the first group by virtue of the age had not time to reach so appreciable heights on public service. « Nonprofessionals » before organizing and heading commercial banks, supervised over cooperative societies and joint ventures, occured basically from technical intelligency, had engineering formation or were natives of the "public" organizations. If to compare these two groups of bankers it is possible to come to the conclusion:) for "old" bankers transition to bank business was smooth as there was a huge experience and skills in the business; "young" bankers, having got in the necessary environment, began with "zero", business involved with their prospects of self-realization in work and independence.

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