The technology pottery manufacturing of Koptyakovskya culture of the Lower Tobol

This article is devoted to the analysis of the technology of pottery production of the population of Koptyakovskya culture of the Lower Tobol. We conducted a study of 80 samples of pottery from the settlements in SAD 6, Duvan 18, Chepkul 5, Chepkul 20, Os'kino Boloto, of the burial 6 from the burial ground Chepkul 5 located in the Tyumen and Yalutorovsk districts of Tyumen region, and the settlement Mohirevskoe III, located in the Talitsky district of Sverdlovsk region. The analysis is made within the framework of historical and cultural approach and the structure of the pottery industry, developed by A.A. Bobrinsky. As a result of the study of the pottery of Kop-tyakovskaya culture from the Lower Tobol heterogeneity views of the potters on raw materials was revealed. Potters selected «classic» clay, silty clay and in rare cases silt. Most of the vessels were made of «lean» raw materials. The resulting technological information manufacturing of molding masses testifies of fire clay tradition of potters of Koptyakovskaya culture from the Lower Tobol. In one case, as a component of the molding masses, along with fire clay quartz sand was fixed. As an organic additive organic solution, and squeezing of the manure of ruminants were used. Most products were made from molding masses compiled by the prescription «raw material + fire clay + organic solution». The construction of "seed-bodies" was manufactured in accordance with the two programs. The bottom program of the construction in the fractures on only one vessel from the settlement Os'kino Boloto was fixed. Most vessels were manufactured in accordance with the bot-tom-capacitive program with the help of rags or short flagella. In the fractures of six vessels circular ribbon high modeled relief images was fixed (settlements Chepkul 5, Duvan 18, Os'kino Boloto). Treatment of manufacture surfaces of all settlements was made by a mode of simple smoothing, sealing and polishing. Firing of finished products was manufactured in a simple pile. The ornamental pattern was applied mainly with comb-shaped stamp. The main elements of the ornamental pattern are a horizontal zigzag, horizontal lines, pits, various impressions, impressions of comb-shaped stamp corner. Less common are inclined, vertical, horizontal impressions of comb-shaped stamp, unfinished rhombus, «carpet ornamental pattern». There's minimum percentage of vessels, which are drawn with triangles, rhombus, flags, grooves, etc. A comparison of the earlier technological information reveals the great similarity between the Koptyakovskaya and Alakul traditions.

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