Placement of settlements in South taiga of area near Irtysh river in the first half of the XVIII century

Even at preliminary supervision over an placement of Russian and Tatar villages certain differences are noticed. It is found out that the Tatar way of development of territories there was a creation of self-sufficient local microregions with the steady structure, practically always attached to large meanders of the Irtysh River. Such structure consisted of the winter settlement located in the wood, on the brink of a terrace or an ostanets of the flow located in the basis of a meander and a number of summer settlements, located on the bank of the Irtysh River or large lakes on positive forms microrelief in a meander. Such structure included summer and winter settlements, masarats (burials ground), places of production of wood resources (berries, a game, pine nuts, firewood etc.) places of fishing of fish (lake, winter holes, bottom land's small rivers) and pasturage pets. All of them were connected by the means of communication, passing most rationally and kept values presently when already seasonal settlements aren't present. As a whole, such structure created the certain steady closed system which, provided with all necessary the population conducting a traditional complex economy. Other model of development of space is shown by settlements of the Russian immigrants. It should be noted, they form the greatest concentration in several areas (area near Tara river, area near Osh river, regions town Tara, villages Znamenskoe and Takmyk) without creating the closed structures. A dominating place for the settlement is the brink of a high terrace (in modern Znamensky's region of the area it is terrace of left bank of Irtysh river) at a certain distance from the Irtysh River. Preference is existence under a terrace of the large bottom land's lake, or the small river and so that access to a flood plain can be complicated, thus wood grounds are a little aside. Such situation can be explained by different factors. First of all, the new population with a settled way of life, needed extensive treeless spaces, for maintaining the economy with domination of polow farming and a subsidiary role of cattle breeding. They had no need in seasonal settlements. Such placement allowed to be engaged in agriculture and visually to supervise big spaces, providing the safety and safety of the cattle which is grazing in a flood plain. Thus life support of collective needed less territories, and allowed to find more places suitable for dwelling. Probably, with it coherently and it is enough earlier settling of the small rivers (Tara river, Osh river, Ibeyka river, etc.). Summing up, it is possible to tell that each of systems had the advantages and most fully corresponded to needs of housekeeping in certain conditions and affected cultural features of these groups of the population.

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