Interdisciplinary approach into study of Bronze and early Iron Age of Mongolia

The Bronze Age and Early Iron is one of the most important stages of the ancient history of Mongolia. During these periods, there was deep social, economic and ethno-cultural difference in the lives of ancient people in the region. Monuments Bronze and early Iron Age Mongolian first became known for the scientist-travelers of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society in the second half of XIX-early XX centuries. - G.N. Potanin, V.V. Radlov, A.M. Pozdneev, V.A. Obruchev etc. In pre-revolution period and in the 1920-1950-s, the discovery and study of the monuments of this period was carried out in the process of learning culture of the Mongolian people, the country's geographical features. Systematic and survey study of monuments of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Mongolian began in the late 1960s as a result of the Soviet-Mongolian Hisrorical and Cultural Expedition. This led to a significant expansion of the source base for specified periods. An important role in the study of archaeological materials on the Bronze and Early Iron Age Mongolian played interdisciplinary research. Archaeologists used the methods of the natural sciences and the humanities: anthropology, geology, geography, chemistry, biology, ethnography, linguistics, etc. The research of anthropologists, G.F. Debets, V.P. Alexeev, N.N. Mamonova, I. I. Gokhman, E.E. Vlcek on the Bronze Age and Early Iron is possible to establish the physical type of the country, to follow the direction of its ethnogenetic bonds to cover the processes of ethnogenesis of modern nations of Central Asia, which began during these periods of ancient history. Archaeologists V.V. Volkov, A.V. Tivanenko, I.I. Kirillov, E.A. Novgorodova used ethnographic materials in the study of monuments of the Bronze and early Iron Age Mongolian. They have identified the main features of the religious ideas of the ancient tribes, traced the general features of the traditions and customs of ancient and modern peoples of Central Asia. Geographic data allowed researchers to trace changes in the environment and identify their impact on economic, social and cultural aspects of life in tribes of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The development of these issues occupied a significant place in the works of Russian and Soviet researchers - A.P. Okladnikov, A.P. Derevyanko, V.V. Volkov, A.D. Tsybiktarov etc. In the study of the Bronze and early Iron Age Mongolian researchers have applied the methods of chemistry and physics. This is especially radiocarbon dating methods and spectral analysis of metal products. Thus, using the methods of natural sciences is of the great importance in the study of the Bronze and early Iron Age Mongolian. The data of anthropology, ethnography, paleogeography, chemistry and physics can solve a number of important issues facing the archaeologists.

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