To the question of the reflection of the social organization in the material culture of the ancient people

The article is devoted to the problems of manifestations in the structure of archaeological sources of the Ural-Siberian region social organization of the ancient people. Archaeological sources focused on the study of material culture, whereas the issues of social organization are solved in archaeology at reconstructive level. Researchers, seeking an explanation of certain phenomena in the archaeological cultures, turn to ethnographic data about the peculiarities of everyday life and the social structure of the Ob- Ugrs and Samodians, which is associated the idea of going deep in antiquity the origins of the formation of these peoples. In the social structure highlights the dualistic organization - marriage organisation of two genera/phratries; in a broad sense, this binary organization of society and its reflection in the spiritual culture. Ornamental traditions play a significant role in the allocation of archaeological cultures. Often a combination of the two ornamental traditions in ceramic complexes of archeological cultures is viewed as a reflection of dual-phratric structure represented by these cultures societies. In some cases, the layout of the settlement (for example, Tashkovo II, Chicha 1, Karagay Aul 1) and burial ground (for example, Chepkul 9) allows to make conclusions about the dual structure of the ancient society. Materials of the Middle Ob region of the middle ages VI - IX centuries Relkinskaya culture led to L.A. Chindina provide a hierarchical model of social relations: the family (large and small in accordance with the size of the ancient dwelling); the family community in the period of segmentation («...a large settlements, type Malget 7, with several housekeeping «nests»); group of family communities - like the genus. The similarity in the material culture and anthropology Relkinskaya culture with selkups allow researchers to draw conclusions in respect of the social structure. However, such examples are rare, when a genetic link between archaeological culture and specific ethnic group is established. This is due to the fact that a part of the territory of the Ural-Siberian region is not sufficiently investigated, the settlement and the burial complexes of many cultures are not sufficiently researched, and often burial is unknown. In general, the conclusions on the social structure of the ancient societies of different chronological periods are rather fragmentary and need to be further accumulation of facts for possible archeological-ethnographic comparison.

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