Descendants of the servicemen as the source of forming of the merchant class of Tomsk in the 18 century

The specificity of Tomsk can be considered as the small number of the local population at the beginning of the 18 century. After the census of the posadsky population in 1723 and the ukase about the national peasants dated 26 June 1724 the urban population has been increased distinctly. In the town there have been added raznochinetzes to posadsky people. The raznochinetzes have been mainly formed of the number of the servicemen and their descendants. According to the manifesto dated 17 March 1775 the population of the towns has been divided into two parts: the petty bourgeoisie and the merchant class. Since 1785 the lower limit size of the capitals was the following: according to the first guild it makes up 10 thousand roubles, according to the second - 5 thousand roubles, according to the third - 1 thousand roubles. Two variants of forming of the merchant class have been able to determine from among the descendants of the servicemen. In the first case a serviceman and his children enrolled in posad in the first quarter of the 18 century. Then Tomsk urban Philistine book over the 17861788 years" Peter Fedorov Shumilov has been registered in the merchants of the first guild, Ivan Vasilyev Gubinsky, Athanasius Ivanov Danilovsky, Gregory Semenov Zelentsov, Michael Alekseev Mylnikov, Matthew Fyodorov Shumilov have been registered in the merchants of the second guild. The genealogical data allow to trace the descent of these merchants (except for G.S. Selentsov and A.I. Danilovsky) from the servicemen of the 17 century through the intermediate stage of the raznochintzes and posadsky people. The second variant surmised the entry of a serviceman or his descendant in the raznochinetz class, then in the Tomsk factory having saved up a sufficient capital they joined the merchant class (thus the merchant class of the I and II guilds has been mainly formed). According to the data "The peasants and then joining the merchant class. The merchants who came of the factory peasants had duties on the payment of the capitation as well as the fulfillment of a number of obligations that he had to pay as a factory peasant besides the percent of the merchant capital. The concrete examples show that the factory peasants joined the merchants at the beginning of the 80s of the 18 century returned to their former condition after the rise of the amount of the merchant capitals and went on doing their factory duties in the full volume. Only after 1797 the Tomsk factory peasants were exempted from works at factories of Kolyvan-Voskresensky mountain district and were occupied with haggling and trade. The detailed study and reconstruction of the merchants' biographies namely the descendants of the servicemen who came of the merchants of the factory peasants (i.e. the Barkovskys, the Vershynins, the Sakrevskys, the Kanaevs, the Kolomyltsevs and others) show that they were the factory peasants living mainly in Tomsk town. The formulation that contains in the documents is not a casual one. It is devoted to the attribution of the pripisnye peasants to the merchant class "from the Tomsk factory peasants". It was possible as in 1760 2264 state peasants of Tomsk had been attached to Kolyvan-Voskresensky factories. The majority of the descendants of the servicemen joined the third guild at the beginning of the 19 century withdrew from it into the petty bourgeoisie. It was mainly connected with the increase of property qualification for the entry into the guild. The family comparison the guildmen for different years allowed to reveal the high mobility of their staff. In the middle of the 19 century the staff of the Tomsk guild-men was different than at the end of the 18 century. There were not so many merchant dynasties that went on their genealogy since the 18 century and inherited professional occupations of their descendants. Mostly retiring from the merchant class they went into the petty bourgeoisie. On the whole the mobility was so high that the percent of the children and grandchildren inherited the status of the fathers and grandfathers was not considerable.

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